muscle contractions

Question 1

agonist

Answer 1

the muscle that is responsible for the movement that is occurring

Question 2

antagonist

Answer 2

muscle that works in opposition to the agonist (to help produce a co-ordinated movement

Question 3

agonist and antagonist for elbow flexion

Answer 3

agonist: biceps
antagonist: tricep

elbow extension is the opposite

Question 4

agonist and antagonist for ankle plantar-flexion

Answer 4

agonist: gastrocnemius
antagonist: tibialis anterior

ankle dorsiflexion is the opposite

Question 5

agonist and antagonist for knee flexion

Answer 5

agonist: hamstring
antagonist: quadriceps

knee extension is the opposite

Question 6

agonist and antagonist for hip flexion

Answer 6

agonist: hip flexors
antagonist: gluteals

hip extension is opposite

Question 7

agonist and antagonist for hip adduction

Answer 7

agonist: adductors
antagonist: gluteus medius

hip abduction is the opposite
(same for horizontal add and abd)

Question 8

agonist and antagonist for shoulder flexion

Answer 8

agonist: deltoid
antagonist: latissimus dorsi

Question 9

agonist and antagonist for shoulder extension

Answer 9

agonist: latissimus dorsi
antagonist: deltoid

Question 10

agonist and antagonist for shoulder horizontal abduction

Answer 10

agonist: latissimus dorsi
antagonist: pectorals

Question 11

agonist and antagonist for shoulder horizontal adduction

Answer 11

agonist: pectorals
antagonist: latissimus dorsi

Question 12

agonist and antagonist for shoulder adduction

Answer 12

agonist: posterior deltoid/ latissimus dorsi
antagonist: middle deltoid/suprasspinatus

Question 13

agonist and antagonist for shoulder abduction

Answer 13

agonist: middle deltoid/suprasspinatus
antagonist: posterior deltoid/ latissimus dorsi

Question 14

isotonic contraction

Answer 14

muscle contracts to create movement

Question 15

2 types of isotonic contraction

Answer 15

1. concentric contraction

2. eccentric contraction

Question 16

concentric contraction and example

Answer 16

when a muscle shortens under tension

e.g. during upward phase of arm curl the biceps perform a concentric contraction as it shortens to produce flexion of the elbow

Question 17

eccentric contraction and example

Answer 17

when a muscle lengthens under tension and does not relax or performs negative work and acts like a brake to help control the movement of a body part during negative work

e.g. lowering bicep curl

Question 18

isometric contraction and example

Answer 18

muscle can contract without lengthening or shortening and no movement occurs

• occurs when a muscle is acting as a fixator or against a resistance
  e. g. crucifix position in gymnastics