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A&P I Lecture > Muscle Contractions > Flashcards

Muscle Contractions Flashcards

1
Q

Excitation

A
  1. AP in neuron sends signal to the axon terminal and opens voltage-gated calcium channels. Calcium ions enter axon terminal
  2. Calcium causes synaptic vessicle to release ACh into synaptic cleft
  3. ACh binds to ligand-gated receptors on sarcolemma/ motor end plate
  4. Receptors open - Sodium is in, potassium is out (end-plate potential)
  5. Voltage-gated receptors around motor end plate open up= AP #2 calcium can enter the cell
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2
Q

1 Action Potential =

A
  1. exocytosis of 60 vesicles
  2. each vessicle releases 10,000 molecules of ACh
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3
Q

____ causes the sarcolemma to be less negative while ____ causes it to be more negative

A
  1. Sodium
  2. Potassium
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4
Q
A

Stage: Excitation
Step: 1
Description: AP in neuron sends signal to the axon terminal and opens voltage-gated calcium channels. Calcium ions enter axon terminal

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5
Q

photo of step 2

A

Stage: Excitation
Step: 2
Description: Calcium causes synaptic vessicle to release ACh into synaptic cleft

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6
Q

photo of step 3

A

Stage: Excitation
Step: 3
Description: ACh binds to ligand-gated receptors on sarcolemma/ motor end plate

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7
Q

photo of step 4

A

Stage: Excitation
Step: 4
Description: Receptors open - Sodium is in, potassium is out (end-plate potential)

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8
Q

photo of step 5

A

Stage: Excitation
Step: 5
Description: Voltage-gated receptors around motor end plate take in sodium = AP #2

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9
Q

Excitation-Contraction Coupling

A
  1. APs are propogated from around motor end plate down the T Tubule
  2. Terminal cisternae of the SR releases calcium into the myofilaments
  3. Calcium binds troponin
  4. Tropomyosin shifts, exposing active myosin binding sites on actin
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10
Q
A

Stage: EC Coupling
Step: 1
Description: APs are propogated from around motor end plate down the T Tubule

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11
Q
A

Stage: EC Coupling
Step: 2
Description: Terminal cisternae of the SR releases calcium into the myofilaments

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12
Q
A

Stage: EC Coupling
Step: 3
Description: Calcium binds to troponin

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13
Q
A

Stage: EC Coupling
Step: 4
Description: Tropomyosin shifts, exposing active myosin binding sites on actin

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14
Q

Contraction

A
  1. Recovery stroke: Activation and cocking of myosin head while ATP hydrolysizes to ADP and Pi
  2. Formation of myosin-actin cross bridge
  3. Power stroke: Sliding of thin filament over thick filament
  4. Cross-bridge is broken when new ATP binds to myosin and steps are repeated as long as ATP is present
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15
Q
A

Stage: Contraction
Step: 1
Description: Recovery stroke - activation and cocking of myosin head while ATP hydrolysizes into ADP and Pi

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16
Q
A

Stage: Contraction
Step: 2
Description: Formation of MA cross bridge

17
Q
A

Stage: Contraction
Step: 3
Description: Power stroke - ADP and Pi pop off of myosin head; sliding of thin filament over thick

18
Q
A

Stage: Contraction
Step: 4
Description: Binding of new ATP; breaking of cross bridge

19
Q

Relaxation

A
  1. No more nerve signal at NMJ = no more ACh
  2. ACH is broken down by AChE and is reabsorbed by the axon terminal
  3. Reabsorption of calcium ions by SR
  4. Calcium unbinds from troponin
  5. Tropomyosin returns to original position to block active actin binding sites
20
Q
A

Stage: Relaxation
Step: 1
Description: No more nerve signal at NMJ = no more ACh

21
Q
A

Stage: Relaxation
Step: 2
Description: ACh broken down by AChE and is reabsorbed by axon terminal

22
Q
A

Stage: Relaxation
Step: 3
Description: Calcium is reabsorbed by SR

23
Q
A

Stage: Relaxation
Step: 4
Description: Calcium unbinds from troponin

24
Q
A

Stage: Relaxation
Step: 5
Description: Tropomyosin returns to original position and block active actin receptor sites

25
Q

Isotonic

Definition and types

A

Def: active muscle contractions against a constant load
Types: Concentric, Eccentric, Isometric

26
Q

Isokinetic

Definition and types

A

Def: External machine controls rate of contraction
Types: Isometric, eccentric

27
Q

ATP Storage

A

Phosphagen system
Glyco-lactic acid/ anaerobic system
Aerobic system

28
Q

Phosphogen System

A

High ATP production, not sustainable

29
Q

Glycogen-lactic acid system

A

High ATP production, lasts longer than Phosphagenic, but not very long

30
Q

Aerobic system

A

Low ATP production, lasts long

31
Q

Sarcomere

A

Functional unit of muscle fiber; z-disc to z-disc

32
Q

H Band

A

Middle of the A Band- the space between thin filaments

33
Q

M line

A

In the middle of the H band; links thick filaments together

34
Q

A band

A

Thick filament

35
Q

I band

A

Thin filament

36
Q

Muscle Hierarchy

A

Muscle -> Fascicle -> Muscle fiber -> Myofibril -> Myofilament

A&P I Lecture (6 decks)

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