Bone Tissue Flashcards
Skeletal Function
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Electrolyte balance - manages calcium and phosphate based on body’s needs
- Acid-base balance - manages alkaline phosphate to protect blood from PH changes
- Blood formation - red bone marrow produces blood
Tissues that make up bone
- Osseous tissue
- Blood
- Bone Marrow
- Cartilage
- Adipose tissues
- Nervous tissue
- Fibrous connective rissue
Flat Bones
Parietal bones
Sternum
Scapula
Ribs
Hip bones
Long bones
Humerus
Radus
Ulna
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Metacarpals/tarsals + phalanges
Short bones
Wrist and ankle bones
Irregular bones
Vertebrae, skull
Bone Cells
- Osteogenic - create osteoblasts
- Osteoblasts – build bone
- Osteocytes – reabsorb/ deposite bone matrix (former osteoblasts)
- Osteoclasts – disolve bone
Red bone marrow
Most common in children
Produces blood cells
Considered an organ
Yellow bone marrow
Found in adults arms, legs, and pubis
Calcitriol
Most active form of vitamin D
1. Increases calcium absorption by small intestine
2. Increases calcium resorption from skeleton
3. Weakly promotes reabsoption of calcium by kidneys
Without it, calcium and phosphate levels in blood are too low for normal deposition and can lead to rickets and osteomalacia
Calcitonin
Secretes when blood calcium is too high
1. osteoclast inhibition (within 15 mins)
2. osteoblast stimulation (within an hour)
Parathyroid Hormone
Secreted when blood calcium is low
1. binds to osteoblast receptors to stimulate osteoclast population and promote resorption
2. promotes calcium reabsorption by the kidneys
3. promotes final stem of caltriol synthesis in kidneys
4. inhibits collagen synthesis by osteoblasts, inhibiting bone deposition
Fracture repair
- Formation of hemotoma and granulation tissue
- formation of soft callus
- conversion to hard callus
- remodeling
