muscle and neurons Flashcards
80% of the lactic acid produced by skeletal muscle is converted to pyruvic acid by the ________.
kidneys
A myofilament that runs throughout the core of a thick filament and anchors it to a Z disc is called a(n) ________.
elastic filament
Aerobic respiration produces approximately ________ more ATPs per glucose molecule than glycolysis does.
36
Athletes who train at high altitudes increase their red blood cell count, which increases their oxygen supply during exercise. Increased oxygen supply results in ________.
longer aerobic respiration
Cardiac muscle has very little capacity for regeneration because it lacks ________.
satellite cells
During muscle contraction, a single myosin head consumes ATP at a rate of about ________ ATP per second.
5
How many muscle fibers stimulate one somatic motor neuron?
0
If one nerve stimulus arrives at a muscle fiber so soon that the fiber has only partially relaxed from the previous twitch, the most likely result will be ________.
incomplete tetanus
If the potassium leak channels were suddenly blocked in a resting neuron, what would happen to its resting membrane potential?
It would become more positive.
In order for muscle to continue contracting during anaerobic fermentation, which of the following is essential?
Myokinase
In skeletal muscle, the term that describes the alternating light and dark bands is ________.
striations
Loss of muscle mass from lack of activity is called ________.
atrophy
Michael Jordan was arguably the best player in professional basketball history. Scientifically, one would expect him to have highly developed ________ fibers.
white
Place the following events in synaptic transmission at a cholinergic synapse in order: A - A postsynaptic potential is produced; B - Voltage gated calcium channels open and calcium enters the cell; C - ACh is released and diffuses across the synaptic cleft; D - A nerve signal arrives at a synaptic knob; E - Ligand gated sodium channels open and sodium enters the cell.
D, B, C, E, A
Shortening a muscle while it maintains constant tension is called ________.
an isotonic contraction
Skeletal muscle is called ________, because it is usually subject to conscious control.
voluntary
The absence or inhibition of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse would lead to ________.
tetanus
The minimum stimulus needed to cause muscle contraction is called the ________.
threshold
The process of engaging more motor units to increase the strength of a muscle contraction is called ________.
recruitment
The protein that acts as a calcium receptor in skeletal muscle is ________.
troponin
The sarcolemma of a resting muscle fiber is most permeable to ________.
potassium
To stimulate muscle contraction, acetylcholine is released from the ________ into the synaptic cleft.
synaptic vesicles
What happens when acetylcholine stimulates its receptors in the neuromuscular junction?
The permeability of the sarcolemma to Na+ increases
When a skeletal muscle lengthens, its ________ helps resist excessive stretching and subsequent injury to the muscle.
collagen
