chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

A brush border of microvilli is found in ________ epithelium, which can be found in the ________.

A

simple columnar; small intestine

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2
Q

A connective tissue fiber refers to a(n) ________, a nerve fiber refers to a(n) ________, and a muscle fiber refers to a(n) ________.

A

complex of macromolecules; part of a cell; entire cell

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3
Q

A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a ________.

A

histological section

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4
Q

After six months of lifting weights at the gym, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to ________ of muscle cells.

A

hypertrophy

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5
Q

All cells in ________ epithelium reach the basement membrane, but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.

A

pseudostratified columnar

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6
Q

An epithelium whose cells are tall and narrow, with each one touching the basement membrane and reaching the apical surface, is called ________ epithelium.

A

simple columnar

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7
Q

An example of a highly vascular tissue is ________ tissue. An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is ________.

A

areolar; cartilage

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8
Q

Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because ________.

A

smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract

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9
Q

Blood functions to ________.

A

transport nutrients to the tissues

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10
Q

Collagenous fibers are very abundant in ________.

A

tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin

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11
Q

Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both ________ and ________.

A

dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues

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12
Q

Found in the urinary bladder, ________ epithelium resembles ________ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened.

A

transitional; stratified squamous

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13
Q

Glands that have branched ducts and secretory cells that form sacs at one end of the ducts are classified as ________ glands.

A

compound acinar

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14
Q

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities, including ________.

A

holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance

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15
Q

In the intestine, ________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them

A

tight junctions

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16
Q

It is normal for breasts to shrink after lactation ceases. This is a consequence of ________ in human breast cells.

A

apoptosis

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17
Q

Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect of elastin fibers. People with this syndrome have ________.

A

hyperextensible joints

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18
Q

Most biologists see embryonic stem (ES) cells as a possible treatment for diseases that result from the loss of functional cells. This possibility is based on the fact that ES cells are ________ stem cells.

A

totipotent

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19
Q

Most kidney tubules are made of ________ epithelial tissue, which is specialized for absorption and secretion.

A

simple cuboidal

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20
Q

Most membranes are composed of two or three tissue types. However, an example of an exception is the ________ membrane.

A

synovial

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21
Q

Mucin is secreted by ________ glands, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product. ________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid.

A

mucous; serous

22
Q

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and ________.

A

neuroglia

23
Q

New triglycerides are constantly being synthesized and stored, while others are hydrolyzed and released into the circulation by the cells found in ________.

A

adipose tissue

24
Q

Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs takes place through ________ epithelium.

A

simple squamous

25
Q

Skeletal muscle is described as ________.

A

striated and voluntary

26
Q

Some simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia have ________ cells, which produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes.

A

goblet

27
Q

The ________ gives rise to the ________.

A

ectoderm; nervous system and epidermis

28
Q

The basement membrane is found between ________ and ________.

A

epithelium; connective tissue

29
Q

The clear gel inside a cell is called ________.

A

cytosol

30
Q

The covering of body surfaces and the lining of body cavities is composed of ________ tissue.

A

epithelial

31
Q

The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except ________ tissue.

A

fibrous

32
Q

The histological section that divides a specimen along its long axis is called a(n) ________ section.

A

longitudinal

33
Q

The membrane that lines passageways that open to the exterior environment is called ________.

A

a mucous membrane (mucosa)

34
Q

The membrane that lines the lumenal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of ________.

A

epithelium and lamina propria

35
Q

The middle primary germ layer is called ________, which gives rise to a gelatinous material called ________, which then gives rise to different types of connective tissue such as bone, muscle, and blood.

A

mesoderm; mesenchyme

36
Q

The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of ________.

A

metaplasia

37
Q

The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by ________, whereas ________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.

A

chondroblasts; fibroblasts

38
Q

The shape of a person’s external ear is due to the presence of ________.

A

elastic cartilage

39
Q

Which of the following does not account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance?

A

collagen

40
Q

Which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common?

A

Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.

41
Q

Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common?

A

A calcified matrix

42
Q

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous connective tissue?

A

Hyaline cartilage

43
Q

With regard to the healing of a skin wound, macrophages ________.

A

phagocytize and digest tissue debris

44
Q

________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas ________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion.

A

Simple squamous; stratified squamous

45
Q

________ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas ________ epithelium is rare.

A

Stratified squamous; stratified columnar

46
Q

_______ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as seen in the ________.

A

Nonkeratinized; vagina

47
Q

________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes.

A

areolar tissue

48
Q

________ glands (such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion via exocytosis. ________ glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.

A

Merocrine; Holocrine

49
Q

________ secrete ________ into ________.

A

Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood

50
Q

________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential.

A

Excitable