chapter 5

Question 1

A brush border of microvilli is found in ________ epithelium, which can be found in the ________.

Answer 1

simple columnar; small intestine

Question 2

A connective tissue fiber refers to a(n) ________, a nerve fiber refers to a(n) ________, and a muscle fiber refers to a(n) ________.

Answer 2

complex of macromolecules; part of a cell; entire cell

Question 3

A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a ________.

Answer 3

histological section

Question 4

After six months of lifting weights at the gym, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to ________ of muscle cells.

Answer 4

hypertrophy

Question 5

All cells in ________ epithelium reach the basement membrane, but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.

Answer 5

pseudostratified columnar

Question 6

An epithelium whose cells are tall and narrow, with each one touching the basement membrane and reaching the apical surface, is called ________ epithelium.

Answer 6

simple columnar

Question 7

An example of a highly vascular tissue is ________ tissue. An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is ________.

Answer 7

areolar; cartilage

Question 8

Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because ________.

Answer 8

smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract

Question 9

Blood functions to ________.

Answer 9

transport nutrients to the tissues

Question 10

Collagenous fibers are very abundant in ________.

Answer 10

tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin

Question 11

Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both ________ and ________.

Answer 11

dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues

Question 12

Found in the urinary bladder, ________ epithelium resembles ________ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened.

Answer 12

transitional; stratified squamous

Question 13

Glands that have branched ducts and secretory cells that form sacs at one end of the ducts are classified as ________ glands.

Answer 13

compound acinar

Question 14

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities, including ________.

Answer 14

holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance

Question 15

In the intestine, ________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them

Answer 15

tight junctions

Question 16

It is normal for breasts to shrink after lactation ceases. This is a consequence of ________ in human breast cells.

Answer 16

apoptosis

Question 17

Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect of elastin fibers. People with this syndrome have ________.

Answer 17

hyperextensible joints

Question 18

Most biologists see embryonic stem (ES) cells as a possible treatment for diseases that result from the loss of functional cells. This possibility is based on the fact that ES cells are ________ stem cells.

Answer 18

totipotent

Question 19

Most kidney tubules are made of ________ epithelial tissue, which is specialized for absorption and secretion.

Answer 19

simple cuboidal

Question 20

Most membranes are composed of two or three tissue types. However, an example of an exception is the ________ membrane.

Answer 20

synovial

Question 21

Mucin is secreted by ________ glands, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product. ________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid.

Answer 21

mucous; serous

Question 22

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and ________.

Answer 22

neuroglia

Question 23

New triglycerides are constantly being synthesized and stored, while others are hydrolyzed and released into the circulation by the cells found in ________.

Answer 23

adipose tissue

Question 24

Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs takes place through ________ epithelium.

Answer 24

simple squamous

Question 25

Skeletal muscle is described as ________.

Answer 25

striated and voluntary

Question 26

Some simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia have ________ cells, which produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes.

Answer 26

goblet

Question 27

The ________ gives rise to the ________.

Answer 27

ectoderm; nervous system and epidermis

Question 28

The basement membrane is found between ________ and ________.

Answer 28

epithelium; connective tissue

Question 29

The clear gel inside a cell is called ________.

Answer 29

cytosol

Question 30

The covering of body surfaces and the lining of body cavities is composed of ________ tissue.

Answer 30

epithelial

Question 31

The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except ________ tissue.

Answer 31

fibrous

Question 32

The histological section that divides a specimen along its long axis is called a(n) ________ section.

Answer 32

longitudinal

Question 33

The membrane that lines passageways that open to the exterior environment is called ________.

Answer 33

a mucous membrane (mucosa)

Question 34

The membrane that lines the lumenal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of ________.

Answer 34

epithelium and lamina propria

Question 35

The middle primary germ layer is called ________, which gives rise to a gelatinous material called ________, which then gives rise to different types of connective tissue such as bone, muscle, and blood.

Answer 35

mesoderm; mesenchyme

Question 36

The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of ________.

Answer 36

metaplasia

Question 37

The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by ________, whereas ________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.

Answer 37

chondroblasts; fibroblasts

Question 38

The shape of a person's external ear is due to the presence of ________.

Answer 38

elastic cartilage

Question 39

Which of the following does not account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance?

Answer 39

collagen

Question 40

Which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common?

Answer 40

Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.

Question 41

Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common?

Answer 41

A calcified matrix

Question 42

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous connective tissue?

Answer 42

Hyaline cartilage

Question 43

With regard to the healing of a skin wound, macrophages ________.

Answer 43

phagocytize and digest tissue debris

Question 44

________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas ________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion.

Answer 44

Simple squamous; stratified squamous

Question 45

________ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas ________ epithelium is rare.

Answer 45

Stratified squamous; stratified columnar

Question 46

_______ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as seen in the ________.

Answer 46

Nonkeratinized; vagina

Question 47

________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes.

Answer 47

areolar tissue

Question 48

________ glands (such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion via exocytosis. ________ glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.

Answer 48

Merocrine; Holocrine

Question 49

________ secrete ________ into ________.

Answer 49

Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood

Question 50

________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential.

Answer 50

Excitable