chapter 7 Flashcards
A fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called a ________ fracture.
comminuted
A growing long bone in a child has only two areas of cartilage at the epiphysis. These two areas are the ________.
articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate
A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the ________, whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the ________.
periosteum; endosteum
Achondroplastic dwarfism is a hereditary condition, in which the long bones of the limbs fail to elongate normally because of reduced hyperplasia and hypertrophy of cartilage in the ________.
epiphyseal plate
Arteriosclerosis is one example of ectopic ossification, which means ________.
abnormal calcification of a tissue
Blood Ca2+ deficiency stimulates ________ secretion, which leads to ________.
parathyroid hormone; increased osteoclast activity
Bone-forming cells are called ________.
osteoblasts
Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except ________.
DNA synthesis
Chondrocytes multiply in the zone of ________ of the metaphysis.
cell proliferation
In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is ________, which is replaced by bone.
hyaline cartilage
Intramembranous ossification produces the ________.
flat bones of the skull
It is common to find ________ in compact bone, but they are not seen in spongy bone.
central canals
Mature bones are remodeled throughout life via a process known as ________.
appositional growth
Osseous tissue is a(an) ________ tissue.
connective
Red bone marrow does not contain ________.
yellow bone marrow
Spicules and trabeculae are found in ________.
spongy bone
The ________ is a marginal zone of the epiphyseal plate where, in children and adolescents, bone can be seen replacing the hyaline cartilage.
metaphysis
The center cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ________.
marrow cavity
The cortex of the long bone’s diaphysis is made of ________.
compact bone
The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called the ________.
epiphysis
The hardness of bone comes from ________, whereas ________ provide(s) some degree of flexibility.
hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins
The plasma membrane of ________ have a ruffled border with many deep infoldings, whereas ________ have long, thin, fingerlike cytoplasmic processes.
osteoclasts; osteocytes
The process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream is known as ________.
resorption
The result of blood calcium and phosphate levels being too low for normal deposition is a softness of the bones called ________ in children and ________ in adults.
rickets; osteomalacia
