chapter 7 Flashcards
A fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called a ________ fracture.
comminuted
A growing long bone in a child has only two areas of cartilage at the epiphysis. These two areas are the ________.
articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate
A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the ________, whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the ________.
periosteum; endosteum
Achondroplastic dwarfism is a hereditary condition, in which the long bones of the limbs fail to elongate normally because of reduced hyperplasia and hypertrophy of cartilage in the ________.
epiphyseal plate
Arteriosclerosis is one example of ectopic ossification, which means ________.
abnormal calcification of a tissue
Blood Ca2+ deficiency stimulates ________ secretion, which leads to ________.
parathyroid hormone; increased osteoclast activity
Bone-forming cells are called ________.
osteoblasts
Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except ________.
DNA synthesis
Chondrocytes multiply in the zone of ________ of the metaphysis.
cell proliferation
In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is ________, which is replaced by bone.
hyaline cartilage
Intramembranous ossification produces the ________.
flat bones of the skull
It is common to find ________ in compact bone, but they are not seen in spongy bone.
central canals
Mature bones are remodeled throughout life via a process known as ________.
appositional growth
Osseous tissue is a(an) ________ tissue.
connective
Red bone marrow does not contain ________.
yellow bone marrow
Spicules and trabeculae are found in ________.
spongy bone
The ________ is a marginal zone of the epiphyseal plate where, in children and adolescents, bone can be seen replacing the hyaline cartilage.
metaphysis
The center cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ________.
marrow cavity
The cortex of the long bone’s diaphysis is made of ________.
compact bone
The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called the ________.
epiphysis
The hardness of bone comes from ________, whereas ________ provide(s) some degree of flexibility.
hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins
The plasma membrane of ________ have a ruffled border with many deep infoldings, whereas ________ have long, thin, fingerlike cytoplasmic processes.
osteoclasts; osteocytes
The process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream is known as ________.
resorption
The result of blood calcium and phosphate levels being too low for normal deposition is a softness of the bones called ________ in children and ________ in adults.
rickets; osteomalacia
The spaces found within the concentric lamellae are called ________, and they contain ________.
lacunae; osteocytes
The thin layer of compact bone that separates an adult’s epiphysis from the diaphysis is called the ________.
epiphyseal line
What would you find in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of an adult humerus (arm bone)?
yellow bone marrow
When ________ become enclosed in lacunae, they become cells called ________.
osteoblasts; osteocytes
Which of the following does not put women at risk for hypocalcemia?
Removal of the thyroid gland
Which of the following is an inorganic component of the bone matrix?
Hydroxyapatite
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?
Hematoma formation → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → bone remodeling
Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton?
storage of red blood cells
Which of the following tissues is not found as part of a long bone?
Transitional epithelium
Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?
osteoclasts
Wolff’s law of bone explains the effect of ________.
mechanical stress on bone remodeling
