chapter 7

Question 1

A fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called a ________ fracture.

Answer 1

comminuted

Question 2

A growing long bone in a child has only two areas of cartilage at the epiphysis. These two areas are the ________.

Answer 2

articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate

Question 3

A long bone is covered externally with a sheath called the ________, whereas the marrow cavity is lined with the ________.

Answer 3

periosteum; endosteum

Question 4

Achondroplastic dwarfism is a hereditary condition, in which the long bones of the limbs fail to elongate normally because of reduced hyperplasia and hypertrophy of cartilage in the ________.

Answer 4

epiphyseal plate

Question 5

Arteriosclerosis is one example of ectopic ossification, which means ________.

Answer 5

abnormal calcification of a tissue

Question 6

Blood Ca2+ deficiency stimulates ________ secretion, which leads to ________.

Answer 6

parathyroid hormone; increased osteoclast activity

Question 7

Bone-forming cells are called ________.

Answer 7

osteoblasts

Question 8

Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except ________.

Answer 8

DNA synthesis

Question 9

Chondrocytes multiply in the zone of ________ of the metaphysis.

Answer 9

cell proliferation

Question 10

In endochondral ossification, the precursor connective tissue is ________, which is replaced by bone.

Answer 10

hyaline cartilage

Question 11

Intramembranous ossification produces the ________.

Answer 11

flat bones of the skull

Question 12

It is common to find ________ in compact bone, but they are not seen in spongy bone.

Answer 12

central canals

Question 13

Mature bones are remodeled throughout life via a process known as ________.

Answer 13

appositional growth

Question 14

Osseous tissue is a(an) ________ tissue.

Answer 14

connective

Question 15

Red bone marrow does not contain ________.

Answer 15

yellow bone marrow

Question 16

Spicules and trabeculae are found in ________.

Answer 16

spongy bone

Question 17

The ________ is a marginal zone of the epiphyseal plate where, in children and adolescents, bone can be seen replacing the hyaline cartilage.

Answer 17

metaphysis

Question 18

The center cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ________.

Answer 18

marrow cavity

Question 19

The cortex of the long bone’s diaphysis is made of ________.

Answer 19

compact bone

Question 20

The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called the ________.

Answer 20

epiphysis

Question 21

The hardness of bone comes from ________, whereas ________ provide(s) some degree of flexibility.

Answer 21

hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins

Question 22

The plasma membrane of ________ have a ruffled border with many deep infoldings, whereas ________ have long, thin, fingerlike cytoplasmic processes.

Answer 22

osteoclasts; osteocytes

Question 23

The process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream is known as ________.

Answer 23

resorption

Question 24

The result of blood calcium and phosphate levels being too low for normal deposition is a softness of the bones called ________ in children and ________ in adults.

Answer 24

rickets; osteomalacia

Question 25

The spaces found within the concentric lamellae are called ________, and they contain ________.

Answer 25

lacunae; osteocytes

Question 26

The thin layer of compact bone that separates an adult’s epiphysis from the diaphysis is called the ________.

Answer 26

epiphyseal line

Question 27

What would you find in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of an adult humerus (arm bone)?

Answer 27

yellow bone marrow

Question 28

When ________ become enclosed in lacunae, they become cells called ________.

Answer 28

osteoblasts; osteocytes

Question 29

Which of the following does not put women at risk for hypocalcemia?

Answer 29

Removal of the thyroid gland

Question 30

Which of the following is an inorganic component of the bone matrix?

Answer 30

Hydroxyapatite

Question 31

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

Answer 31

Hematoma formation → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → bone remodeling

Question 32

Which of the following is not a function of the skeleton?

Answer 32

storage of red blood cells

Question 33

Which of the following tissues is not found as part of a long bone?

Answer 33

Transitional epithelium

Question 34

Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?

Answer 34

osteoclasts

Question 35

Wolff’s law of bone explains the effect of ________.

Answer 35

mechanical stress on bone remodeling