Muscle and Nervous Tissue Flashcards
perikaryon
neural cell body
function of dendritic spine and where is it found
isolate and modulate inputs. found in cortex and cerebellum
astrocytes
- CNS only; transfer molecules from blood to neurons
- ensheath (synapses, dendrites, cell bodies) for protection
- take up potassium and neurotransmitters
microglia
- CNS only
- survey environment
- resident macrophages of CNS
- derived from yolk sac
2 divisions of the PNS
- autonomic-involuntary
2. somatic - voluntary
groups of neurons in PNS
ganglia
groups of neurons in CNS
nuclei
bundle of axons in PNS
nerve
bundle of axons in CNS
tract
layers of neurons in CNS
cortex
oligodendrocytes
myelinate CNS axons
ependymal cells
secrete CSF, line ventricles and central canal, derived form neural tube
schwann cells
in PNS only ; surround cells, myelinate cells, phagocytes
peripheral ganglia
covered by connective tissue capsule. each neuron surrounded by satellite cells
satellite cells in nervous tissue
schwann cells
gray matter and white matter contents
gray- neurons, dendrites, and synapses
white - axons
*both contain astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia
choroid plexus
modified ependymal cells that produce CSF (in brain);
neurophil
region densely filled with dendrites and axons making synaptic contacts
pericyte
contractile cell that wraps around endothelial cells
function of the nervous sytem
rapid communication and integration
dendritic spine
isolate and modulate inputs; important in learning and memory
neural cell bodies
- aka perikayron
- contain lots of rough ER
- does NOT undergo cell division
most numerous glial cell in CNS
astrocytes
myofibers
muscle cell/ fiber. made up of myofibrils
myofilaments
chain of actin and myosin that pack a muscle fiber, each myosin is surrounded by 6 actin
actin
thin filament
myosin
thick filament
satellite cells
help myotubes differentiate into muscle fiber, help repair and increase skeletal muscle
epimysium
dense connective tissue encloses muscle
perimysium
dense connective tissue encloses fascicle
endomysium
connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers
alpha actinin
protein that is arranged in Z-lines forming sarcomeres
desmin and vimentin
intermediate filament proteins that hold the myofibrils together
troponin c
binds calcium, then moves tropomyosin (exposing actin) giving myosin access to actin in skeletal muscle
calcium calmodulin
in smooth muscle calcium binds calcium calmodulin which then phosphorylates myosin light chain cycle which then binds actin and begins sliding
In skeletal muscle, where is calcium stored?
sarcoplasmic reticulum
muscle originates from __________.
mesoderm
satellite cells in muscle
myoblasts
Intercalated disks (location, structure, and function)
easily identifiable feature of cardiac muscle; have gap junctions; allow electrical signal to move throughout heart
Features of cardiac nuclei
1-3 nuclei, centrally located
tropomyosin
blocks attachment sites on actin in skeletal muscle; moved when calcium binds to Troponin C
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
defective dystrophin. Muscle cells rip themselves apart, fat replaces dead myofibers.
Blood brain barrier
formed by tight junctions between fenestrated capillary endothelial cells. Astrocytes and pericytes are involved.
Dorsal root ganglion
sensory structure (not motor); contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons (pseudounipolar) that bring information from the periphery to the spinal cord.
pseudounipolar neuron
has one axon with two branches: peripheral (from the cell body to the periphery: skin, joint and muscle) and central (from the cell body to spinal cord).
