Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Epithelium and Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelium and Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Metaplasia

A

any tranformation from one type of cell to another in adult tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

goblet cell

A

mucus secreting cells in respiratory and intestinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dysplasia

A

changing of cells that leads to disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

desmosome/macula adherens

A

anchor cells to neighbors by ‘spot welds’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Defensins

A

cationic proteins that live on skin and kill fungi, bacteria and viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Connexons

A

make up gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator)

A

allow chlorine and thyocyanate across epithelial cells. If you have problems with this protein, you have cystic fibrosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Carcinoma

A

cancerous epithelial cells. Anti-keratin antibodies are important in diagnosing carcinomas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

brush border

A

microvilli for absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

basement membrane

A

Thin layer of ECM between epithelium and connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

basal lamina

A

basement membrane (under electron microscopy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

zonula occludens/tight junction

A

junction of two cells that ensures transport and controls permeability of epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

zonula adherens

A

velcro belt, anchors cells to neighbors, plays role in cytoplasmic mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

terminal web

A

apical surface in cells with microvilli. Contracts and opens up microvilli to aid in absorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

terminal bar

A

attaches epithelial cells on lateral and apical surfaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Serous

A

benign, pale yellow body juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Keratin

A

intermediate filaments, tough, form a network.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Connective tissue is derrived from

A

mesenchyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

4 types of resident connective tissue cells

A

adipose, fibroblas, mast cells, macrophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 types of transient connective tissue cells

A

lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Resident connective tissue cells are derived from

A

mesenchymal cells (stem cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

transient connective tissue cells

A

hemapoetic stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

basics of wound healing

A

Inflammation- neutrophils
Proliferation-from basal layer and fibroblasts from LCT and macrophages
and maturation— restoration from stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

consequences of fibrosis rather than normal healing

A

fibroblasts turn into myofibroblasts, if you get too many you leave a tissue scar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Fibrosis occurs when?

A

PERSISTENT tissue damage, and you get replacement of cells and GS with fiber, so you have a less-functional organ (liver, kidney etc)

26
Q

Type 1 collagen

A

most abundant type of collagen, forms bundles, ex. dermis, fibrocartilage, bone, tendons (Strength, but not flexibility) resist stretch, provide tensile strength

27
Q

Type 3 Collagen

A

Type of collagen that there are no bundles,

ex. stroma of smooth muscle, loose connective tissue in endocrine glands and liver, etc. reticular fibers

28
Q

dense connective tissue

A

Lots of fibers, fewer cells. Irreg will be in deeper dermis, organ capsules, submucosa of the intestine. Reg will be tendons and ligaments

29
Q

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

A

linear chains of repeating disaccharides, Negatively charged, look like bottle brushes, resist compression

30
Q

granulation tissue

A

makes up wound tissue while healing. Mostly fibroblasts and myofibroblasts

31
Q

ground substance consists of

A

consists of GAGs, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins) and fluid

32
Q

function of ground susbstance

A

where you store electrolytes and water, resist compression, attach and move cells in ECM, form fluid barrier

33
Q

loose connective tissue

A

areolar connective tissue, lots of cells, few fibers.

34
Q

Glycoproteins

A

globular proteins,short branched carbohydrates, connect cells to ECM via integrin receptors.
Eg. Fibronectin and laminin- found at basement membrane

35
Q

proteoglycan

A

GAGs with Hyaluronic acid attached to protein backbone to form proteoglycans

36
Q

plasma cells

A
  • derived from B lymphocytes - produce antibodies

- short lived (10days); “clock-faced” nucleus

37
Q

parenchyma

A

the tissue of an organ that is there for the actual function of the organ; usually makes up bulk of the organ

38
Q

mast cell

A
  • derived from precursors in bone marrow

- inflammatory response, histamine, long life

39
Q

macrophage

A
  • derived from monocytes
  • sense damage and wound repair
  • long lived
40
Q

lymphocytes

A
  • b lymphocytes froduce plasma cells
  • t lymphocytes - helper and cytotoxin cells
  • long lived
41
Q

focal adhesion complex

A

mechanical linkage to ECM

-actin binds to integin that binds to basement membrane

42
Q

integins

A

transmembrane receptors that are the bridges of cell to cell and cell to ECM interactions

43
Q

what is disrupted in oral squamous carcinoma?

A

desmosomes

44
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

cancer of the glands

45
Q

transient amplifying cells

A

Stem cells in epithelium. When signaled to reproduce, they become “transient amplifying cells” usually found in the basal layer. Transient amplifying cells then differentiate into different tissue cells

46
Q

hemidesmosomes

A

attach one cell to the extracellular matrix

47
Q

Typical locations for Simple low/squamous

A

capillaries and alveoli of lungs

48
Q

Typical locations for Simple columnar

A

Stomach and small intestine

49
Q

Typical location for Psuedostratified columnar epithelium

A

respiratory tract (respiratory epithelium)

50
Q

Typical locations for stratified squamous

A

skin, esophagus, mouth, vagina

51
Q

Typical locations for Stratified cuboidal

A

sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands

52
Q

Location for Stratified columnar epithelium

A

male urethra

53
Q

barrier epithelia examples

A

oral muscoa, urinary system, upper respiratory tract, skin, gut

54
Q

Connexons are made up of 6 __________.

A

Connexins

55
Q

transcytosis

A

transporting across interior of cell

56
Q

Endothelium

A

Thin layer of cells lining the blood vessels

57
Q

Stroma

A

tissue other than the parenchyma; include blood vessels, nerves, CT, etc.

58
Q

Mnemonic for the other name of desmosomes (spot welds)

A

macula adherens: “imMACULAte–without SPOT” (spot welds)

59
Q

Tropocollagen

A

subunit of collagen fibrils consisting of three polypeptide strands arranged in a helix

60
Q

elastic fibers

A

Straight fibers with core protein (elastin) surrounded by glycoprotein (fibrillin)

61
Q

integrin

A

proteins that function mechanically, by attaching the cell cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and biochemically, by sensing whether adhesion has occurred

Histology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions