Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Muscle And Nerve > Flashcards

Muscle And Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

What is muscle ?

A

It is a tissue specialised for contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of muscles ?

A
  • force generation
  • movement
  • posture
  • heat generation
  • control of diameter of tubes
  • heart beat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle ?

A
  • striated muscle
  • smooth muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 types of striated muscle ?

A
  • cardiac muscle
  • skeletal muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is smooth muscle found ?

A

It is widespread
Found in the viscera, blood vessels, skin and eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a fasicle ?

A

A bundle of muscle fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is endomysium ?

A

Connective tissue found around muscle fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is perimysium ?

A

Connective tissue which wraps around bundles of muscle fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is epimysium ?

A

Connective tissue which wraps around the whole muscle (around the perimysium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are muscle fibres ?

A

They are very large and multinucleate cells
- may extend from 1 end of a muscle to the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the basal lamina ?

A

It is an extracellular matrix layer made by muscle fibres and it blends into the endomysium
All muscle cells are surrounded by a basal lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a satellite cell ?

A

It is a muscle stem cell which is positioned against a muscle fibre membrane under the basal lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is striated muscle striated ?

A

The contractile units are organised and in alignment with each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a sarcomere ?

A

It is a unit of contraction within a muscle fibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a myofibril ?

A

A collection of sarcomeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens when a muscle contracts ?

A

The sarcomere shortens and the actin filaments slide in between the myosin filaments

17
Q

What is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell known as ?

A

Sarcoplasm

18
Q

Describe the structure of the sarcoplasm

A
  • contains many mitochondria
  • contains a lot of glycogen
  • contains myoglobin
  • has a highly specialised endoplasmic reticulum
  • contains many myofibrils
19
Q

What is a sarcoplasmic reticulum ?

A

A highly specialised endoplasmic reticulum

20
Q

What is a muscle plasma membrane known as ?

A

Sarcolemma

21
Q

Is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary ?

A

It is an involuntary muscle

22
Q

Describe the structure of cardiac muscle

A
  • striated
  • very different fibre structure from skeletal muscle
  • branched fibres and the spaces are filled with connective tissue
  • no epimysium or perimysium
23
Q

How do heart muscle fibres link together ?

A

The cells contain 1 or 2 centrally located nuclei and are linked end to end via intercalated discs

24
Q

Why can heart muscle not be repaired ?

A

Heart muscle doesn’t contain any satellite cells and so damaged heart muscle dies and is replaced with scarred connective tissue

25
Q

Describe the structure of smooth muscle

A
  • long and thin spindle shaped fibres
  • fibres are linked by desmosomes, adherens junctions and gap junctions
  • not striated because the myofibrils are not parallel and in alignment
26
Q

Describe the innervation of smooth muscle

A
  • most smooth muscle is poorly innervated
  • contractile signals spread from cell to cell via gap junctions
27
Q

How is smooth muscle repaired ?

A

Smooth muscle cells can divide and enlarge allowing generation of new smooth muscle so it can be repaired

28
Q

What is a peripheral nerve ?

A

Carries large numbers of axons

29
Q

Describe the structure of peripheral nerves

A
  • structurally similar to skeletal muscle
  • epineurium, perineurium and endoneurium protects the nerve fibres
30
Q

What is epineurium made from ?

A

Collagen and fat

31
Q

What is perineurium made from ?

A

Dense collagenous layer

32
Q

Describe the properties of endoneurium

A

It is delicate and highly vascular

33
Q

What is the function of the smooth muscle in the small intestine ?

A

Allows for peristalsis so the gut contents can be moved along

34
Q

What are the general features of the skeletal muscle connective tissues ?

A
  • allows for voluntary movement
  • harness for muscle contraction force
  • allows blood vessels and nerves in and out of the muscle at all levels
35
Q

What is the major difference in the cellular organisation of heart muscle and skeletal muscle fibres ?

A
  • in heart muscle, the individual muscle fibres are linked end to end
  • in skeletal muscle, there is a fusion of thousands of cells to make multinucleate fibres
36
Q

What is the function of the connective tissue in a peripheral nerve ?

A

Protects the nerve and is also important in nerve regeneration

Histology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions