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Anatomy > Muscle and blood vessel Upper Limb > Flashcards

Muscle and blood vessel Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what function muscle UL and what are the muscle

A

Muscles of the upper limb
• Function of the upper limb. • Grasping [prehension]
• Upper limb is divided into regions
• Pectoral region
• Axilla
• Shoulder & Back
• Arm
• Forearm
• Hand

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2
Q

muscle for pectoral region

A
  1. Pectoralis major 2. Pectoralis minor 3. Subclavius
  2. Serratus Anterior
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3
Q

muscle of the shoulder

A

This group of muscles consists of
1. Deltoid
2. Supraspinatus
3. Infraspinatus
4. Teres minor
5. Subscapularis
6. Teres major
• All are supplied by C5, C6

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4
Q

what is rotator cuff muscle

A

This group of muscles are:
• 1. Supraspinatus
• 2. Infraspinatus
• 3. Teres minor
• 4. Subscapularis
• The tendons of these muscles are fused with capsule of shoulder joint and mantain its stability

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5
Q

what origin an insertion deltoid

A

• ORIGIN – from clavicle, acromion & spine.
• INSERTION – into deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
• Nerve supply – Axillary nerve
• Action – powerful abductor of the arm

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6
Q

muscle of the back

A

Trapezius muscle
Trapezius Origin ➡️superior nuchal line, ext. occipital protruberance, ligamentum nuchae &spines of CV 7 to TV 12

Insertion➡️Lateral 3rd ofclavicle, acromion & spine of scapula
Nerve supply ➡️11th cranial nerve [aka Acessory Nerve]
Action ➡️
1. Superior fibers – elevate scapula
2. Middle fibers – retract scapula
3. Inferior fibers – depress scapula 4. Superior fibers + Inferior fibers ➡️ lateral rotation of scapula

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7
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

• Attachment. Thoracolumbar vertebrae and lumbar fascia - humerus but a small portion of it attaches to inferior angle of scapula
• Action - Swimming Muscle & involves in scapula rotation.
• Nerve- Nerve to latissimus dorsi
• Levator scapulae
• Attachment.Transverse process of
C1-C4 - Vertical border of scapula • Action Elevate/adduct scapula
• Rhomboids Minor:
• Spinal processes C7-T1
• Major: Spinal processes T2-T6 - Medial border of scapula - Retract scapula

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8
Q

what is axilla

A

Axilla:
• The cavity beneath the junction of the arm and the body, better known as the arm pit.

•It contains principal arterial trunk & nerves
• It has an apex, a base and 4 walls

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9
Q

what walls of the axilla -anterior

A

Formed by:
1. pectoralis major
2. subclavius
3. pectoralis minor muscles

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10
Q

what wall of axilla -posterior

A
  1. subscapularis,
  2. latissimus dorsi,
  3. teres major muscles from above down
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11
Q

medial wall axilla

A

• upper 5 ribs and intercostal spaces covered by serratus anterior muscle

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12
Q

lateral wall axilla

A
  1. Lateral wall:
    • formed by inter-tubercular groove of humerus,
    • biceps brachii and Coracobrachialis muscle
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13
Q

contents of axilla

A

Contents of axilla
1. the cords and branches of the brachial plexus
2. axillary artery and its branches
3. axillary vein and its tributaries
4. axillary lymph nodes

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14
Q

axillary lymph nodes

A

• Axillary lymph node (20-30) drain not only lymphatics of breast, but also those of pectoral region, upper abdominal wall and upper limb and are arranged in five groups.
• There are 5 groups of axillary lymph nodes.
• Anterior – lying deep to pectoralis major along the lower
border of pectoralis minor
• Posterior – along the subscapular vessels
• Lateral – along the axillary vein
• Central - in the axillary fat.
• Apical - at apex of axilla behind the clavicle

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15
Q

the muscle of free upper limb

A

• Muscles of Free Upper limb is divided into
• Muscles of the arm
• Muscles of the forearm
• Muscles of the hand

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16
Q

flexors (anterior compartment ) of the arm

A
  1. Biceps brachii
  2. Coracobrachialis
  3. Brachialis
    The flexor muscles of the arm are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve

biceps
origin- short head of bicep

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17
Q

action of flexor muscle of arm

A
  1. Biceps brachii
    - Flexion of shoulder joint & elbow joint
    - Strong supinator of forearm [turning of screw with slightly flexed elbow]
  2. Brachialis
    - Flexor of elbow joint
  3. Coracobrachialis
    - Flexor of shoulder joint
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18
Q

extensor (posterior compartment) of the arm

A
  1. Triceps brachii 2. Anconeus
    The extensor muscles of the arm are supplied by radial nerve. Action
    - Extension of shoulder (long head)
    - Extension of elbow joint
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19
Q

quadrangular space

A

Bounded by –
Above ➡️ Teres minor
Below ➡️Teres major
Medially ➡️ Long head of
triceps
Laterally ➡️Humerus

Passes through ➡️
1. Axillary nerve
2. Posterior Circumflex
humeral vessels

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20
Q

posterior compartment of arm

A
  • triceps
    action – extension
    nerve – radial nerve

origin tricep:
long head – infra-glenoid tubercle
Medial head- medial to spiral
groove
Lateral head- lateral to spiral groove

insertion
olecranon process of ulna

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21
Q

muscle of anterior compartment (flexor) of the forearm

A

Superficial group
1. Pronator teres
2. Fl. Carpi radialis
3. Palmaris longus
4. Fl. carpi ulnaris
5. Fl. Digitorum superficialis
6. Fl. Pollicis longus

Deep group
7. Fl. Digitorum Profundus
8.. Pronator quadratus

medial epicondyle
origin of superficial flexor and pronator muscle

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22
Q

anterior forearm

A

All the flexor muscles of the
forearm are supplied by the median nerve except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus which is supplied by the ulnar nerve.

23
Q

muscle lateral compartment of the forearm

A
  1. Brachioradialis
    2.Extensor Carpi radialis longus

All the lateral compartment muscles of the forearm are supplied by the radial nerve ( C 5 67)

24
Q

muscle posterior compartment of the forearm

A
  1. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  2. Extensor digitorum
  3. Extensor digiti minimi
  4. Extensor carpi ulnaris
  5. Supinator
  6. Abductor pollcis longus
  7. Extensor pollicis brevis
  8. Extensor pollicis longus
  9. Extensor indicis
    All the extensor muscles of the arm & forearm are supplied by radial nerve
25
Q

cubital fossa

A

• Definition
• It is the triangular hollow area on the anterior surface of the elbow with the apex directed distally.
• Boundaries
• Base
an imaginary line joining 2 epicondyles of humerus.
• Medial border
pronator teres muscle.
• Lateral border
brachioradialis muscle.
• Apex
- formed by meeting of the pronator teres and brachioradialis.

26
Q

contents ( medial to lateral)

A
  1. Median nerve.
  2. Brachial artery and its vene comitantes
  3. Biceps tendon.
  4. Radial nerve (at most lateral part)
27
Q

muscle of the hand

A

Muscles of the Hand
1. Smallmusclesofthehand
2. Short muscles of the thumb
3. Short muscles of the little finger

28
Q

small muscle of the hand

A
  1. Palmaris brevis
  2. Lumbricals
  3. Interossei
29
Q

short muscle of the thumb( thenar muscle)

A
  1. Flexor pollicis brevis
  2. Abductor pollicis brevis
  3. Opponens pollicis
  4. Adductor Pollicis
    They are supplied by the median nerve except Adductor pollicis which is supplied by deep branch of ulnar nerve
30
Q

short muscle of the little finger ( hypothenar muscle)

A
  1. Abd. Digiti minimi
  2. Flexor digiti minimi
  3. Opponens digiti minimi
    They are supplied by the deep branch of ulnar nerve
31
Q

lumbricals muscle

A

Lumbricals
Medial 2 lumbricals ➡️supplied by ulnar nerve
Lateral 2 lumbricals ➡️supplied by median nerve
Action ➡️Flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints & extension of interphalangeal joints
(writing position of hand)

32
Q

interossei muscle- The interossei muscles are intrinsic muscles of the hand located between the metacarpals

A
  1. Dorsal interossei
    - 4 in number; bipennate [larger]
    - Action ➡️Dab** [nemonics]– abduction of
    fingers
  2. Palmarinterossei
    - 4 in number; unipennate
    - Action ➡️Pad** [nemonics]– adduction of
    fingers
    All interossei are supplied by ulnar nerve
33
Q

arteries of upper limb sequences

A

Arteries of Upper limb
Sublavian artery ➡️Axillary artery ➡️Brachial artery divide 2 :
1.Radial artery ➡️ Superficial palmar arch➡️digital artery
2.Ulnar artery➡️Deep palmar arch ➡️digital artery

34
Q

axillary artery

A

The axillary artery is the continuation of
subclavian artery
Begins – lateral border of 1st. rib.
Ends lower border of Teres major

35
Q

axillary artery divide by 3

A

It is divided into 3 parts by pectoralis minor which passes infront of it.
1st part ➡️above the muscle
2nd part ➡️behind the muscle
3rd part ➡️below the muscle

36
Q

branches axillary nerve

A

Branches
1st. Part
Highest thoracic artery (Supreme thoracic )
2nd. Part-
Thoracoacromial artery Lateral thoracic artery 3rd.part
Subscapular artery
Ant. Circumflex humeral
artery Posterior circumflex
humeral artery
Nemonics- S,TL, SAP

37
Q

applied anatomy of axillary nerve

A
  1. The axillary artery can be palpated in the lateral wall of the axilla.
  2. Rupture of axillary artery can occur in reducing old dislocations in which the artery has become fixed to the capsule.
38
Q

brachial artery

A

Brachial artery
Continuation of axillary art.
Begins – at lower border of teres major
Ends - at the level of neck of radius
Divides into – radial and ulnar arteries
[ulnar is the larger branch]

39
Q

branches of brachial artery

A
  1. Muscular branches
  2. Nutrient artery to humerus
  3. Profunda Brachii artery –arises near the beginning & follows the radial nerve into the spiral groove of humerus.
  4. Superior ulnar collateral artery- arises near the middle of humerus & follows the ulnar nerve.
  5. Inferior ulnar collateral artery- arises near the termination & takes part in the anastomosis around the elbow joint.
40
Q

arteries of forearm

A

Ulnar artery - Larger of two terminal branches of brachial artery.
Begins – in the cubital fossa at the level of the neck of the radius.
Descends through the ant. Compartment of the forearm.
Enters the palm in front of flexor retinaculum with ulnar nerve.

41
Q

ulnar artery

A

Ulnar artery
Enters the hand superficial to flexor
retinaculum on lateral side of ulnar nerve and pisiform bone.

Ends by forming the superficial palmar arch with superficial palmar branch of radial artery

42
Q

radial artery

A

Radial artery
Smaller br. of brachial art.
Begins – in the cubital fossa at the level of neck of radius
Course – passes downward & laterally, beneath the brachioradialis & on deep muscle of forearm.

The radial artery leave the forearm – by
winding around the lateral aspect of the wrist to reach the posterior surface.

It then leaves the dorsum of the hand by
turning forward between two heads of dorsal interosseous muscles.
On entering the palm it continues as
deep palmar arch

43
Q

deep palmar arch

A

Is a direct continuation of the radial artery.
-Curves medially beneath the long flexors.
- is completed by deep branch of ulnar artery.
-Surface anatomy- at a level of proximal border of extended thumb

-Branches – digital branches
- arteria radialis indicis
- arteria princeps pollicis

44
Q

venous drainage of upper limb

A

2 sets of veins
Superficial veins- lie in subcutaneous tissue.
Deep veins- accompany the arteries and have similar names.
Blood from hand __ dorsal venous network
Cephalic vein – continuation of radial side of the dorsal network –ascends along the lateral side of UL, to delto- pectoral groove & pierce the clavipectoral fascia to end in axillary vein.

45
Q

cephalic vein

A

Cephalic vein – pierces the clavipectoral fascia & ends in axillary vein

46
Q

basilic vein

A

Begins – continuation of ulnar side of dorsal network
Pierces – the deep fascia at the middle of arm
Ends – joins the venae comitantes of brachial artery and becomes the axillary vein.

47
Q

median cubital vein

A

-An anastomosing channel that runs upward and medially from the cephalic to the basilic

48
Q

axillary vein

A

Begins –at the lower border of Teres major by the union of the venae comitantes of the brachial artery and the basilic vein.
Course – runs upward on the medial side of the axillary artery.
Ends – at the lateral border of the first rib by becoming the subclavian vein.
Tributaries –cephalic vein
- branches corresponding to the branches of axillary artery

49
Q

clinical application injuries

A
  1. Injuries- the arteries of Upper Limb can be damaged by penetrating wounds or require
    ligation in amputation operation
50
Q

clinical app pulsation felt

A

Axillary artery – 3rd part – in axilla
- Brachial artery – in cubital fossa on brachialis
- Radial artery - in distal part of forearm on the lateral side of Flexor Carpi Radialis Longus [FCRL].
- Ulnar artery – in front of flexor retinaculum lateral to pisiform bone

51
Q

clinical app brachial artery

A
  1. Brachial artery over the cubital fossa for taking blood pressure [BP].
52
Q

clinical app median cubital vein

A
  1. Median cubital vein
    – separated from the brachial artery by bicipital aponeurosis. Use for taking blood sample and intravenous injection
53
Q

clinical app basilic vein

A
  1. Basilic Vein
    -Use in central venous catherization in angiogram because of its increasing diameter and join axillary vein not in right angle.

Anatomy (9 decks)

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