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Anatomy > Joints of upper limb > Flashcards

Joints of upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

List three types of joint

A

1.fibrous joints
2.cartilaginous joints
3.synovial joints

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2
Q

What example and characteristics fibrous joint

A

suture- bones of skull
syndesmosis- between tibia and fibula
gomphosis- between tooth and alveolar socket
- no movement
-bones united by fibrous tissue

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3
Q

what example and characteristics cartilaginous joints

A

synchondrosis- primary, hyaline cartilage , temporary union, replaced by bone ; epiphyseal plate
symphysis- secondary, fibrocartilage is separated from the bone by thin plates of hyaline cartilage ;pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints
-slight movement
-bones united by fibrocartilage or hyaline

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4
Q

what is synovial joint and characteristic

A

-joints contains cavity
-subdivided by fibrous or menisci
-articular surface covered with hyaline cartilage
-bones united by capsule and ligaments
-fibrous capsule lined by a synovial membrane

-free movement
-bones united by articular capsule and ligaments

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5
Q

what is degenerative osteoarthritis

A

-rubbing of bones
-thinned cartilage

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6
Q

what is inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis

A

-bone erosion
-inflamed synovial membrane:gout and rheumatoid

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7
Q

What is non axial synovial joint ?

A

Plane / gliding joint
- articular surface are slightly curved
-Sternoclavicular
-Acromioclavicular
-Intercarpal jt

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8
Q

What is 2 uniaxial joint

A

-hinge jt
-pivot jt

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9
Q

What diff and example hinge joint and pivot joint

A

Hinge jt-movement in one plane
-permit flexion and extension
: humero-ulnar , interphalangeal joint

Pivot joint
-permit rotation
-one bones rotates within a bony
:Atlanto, proximal radio-ulnar

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10
Q

What 3 example biaxial synovial joint

A

Ellipsoid jt
Saddle jt
condyloid jt

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11
Q

what joint articulating surface are much longer in one direction

A

Radio-carpal joint , biaxial jt

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12
Q

Carpo- metacarpal joint of thumb under what joint?

A

Saddle joint , biaxial

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13
Q

What characteristics condyloid jt

A

-consist 2 distinct articular surface, called condyle
-resemble hinge joint
-permit several kind movements
: metacarpo- phalangeal jt

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14
Q

What is multiaxial jt

A

Ball and Socket jt
- Spherical surface of on bone moves within a socket of the other bone
-3 axes
:shoulder jt and hip jt

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15
Q

Shoulder joint , articulating bones are ?

A

-large, rounded head of Humerus
-shallow, pear shaped Glenoid fossa of scapula
- glenoid labrum, deepen glenoid cavity by rim of fibrocartilage

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16
Q

Articular capsule of shoulder joint

A
  • margin of glenoid fossa
    -anatomical neck of humerus
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17
Q

Capsule of shoulder joint strengthened by ?

A

-Tendons of rotator cuff
-Glenohumeral ligament
-Transverse humeral ligament
-Coracohumeral ligament
Capsule: thin and lax, allow wide range movement

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18
Q

what the weakest area of shoulder jt and accommodate abduction

A

Inferior redundant part of capsule

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19
Q

What characteristics of synovial membrane of shoulder joint

A

-lines by capsule
-attached to margin articular surface
-forms tubular sheath

20
Q

-Extension of synovial membrane through anterior wall of capsule
-Lies between subscapularis tendon and fibrous casule

A

Subscapularis bursa

21
Q

What relations of anterior shoulder jt

A

-Subscapularis
-Axillary nerve
-Brachial plexus

22
Q

What posterior relation shoulder jt

A

-infraspinatus
teres minor

23
Q

What superior relation shoulder jt

A

supraspinatus
deltoid
subacromial bursa
Coracoacromial ligaments

24
Q

What inferior relation shoulder jt

A

-triceps brachii
-axillary nerve
-posterior circumflex humeral vessel

25
Q

shoulder jt- blood supply

A

-anterior circumflex humeral artery
-posterior circumflex humeral artery
-suprascapular artery

26
Q

shoulder joint- nerve supply

A

-axillary nerve
-suprascapular nerve
-lateral pectoral nerve

27
Q

Shoulder joint sensitive to?

A

pain
pressure
excessive traction
distension

28
Q

shoulder joints strength and stability provided by 3 factor?

A

1.Muscle -tone rotator cuff muscles
2.Fibrous - Blending of rotator cuff muscles tendons with joint capsule
3.Bone- skeletal arch

29
Q

instability of join is contributed by ?

A

-shallowness of glenoid fossa of scapula
-weak ligaments jt

30
Q

what is anterior inferior dislocation

A

cause: sudden violence to humerus when fully abducted
-head of humeus tilted downward toward weak part jt
-to subglenoid position
-then,subcoracoid position

31
Q

What is posterior dislocation

A

cause: direct violence to front of jt
-rare cond
-associated epileptic seizures, electrocution

32
Q

what other types of dislocations

A

-inferior dislocation
-intrathoracic

33
Q

what 3 result of dislocation shoulder jt

A

-loss pf rounded appearance of shoulder
-Axillary nerve injury:
downward displacement of head of humerus
paralysis deltoid
-Radial nerve injury:
due to stretching radial nerve by inferiorly displaced humeral head
wrist drop deformity

34
Q

Articulating bones of elbows joint

A

humero-radial
-capitulum humerus
-head radius

humero-ulnar
-trochlea humerus
-trochlear notch ulna

35
Q

Articular capsule -elbow jt

A

above: margin coronoid n radial fossa
medial n lateral epicondyles
below: margin coronoid process of ulna
anular ligament

36
Q

synovial membrane elbow jt

A

lines capsule

37
Q

nerve supply for elbow jt

A

-median nerve
-ulnar nerve
-musculocutaneous nerve
-radial nerve

38
Q

muscle involve in flexion n extension in elbow jt

A

flexion- 3B , brachialis, biceps brachii, brachioradialus, pronator teres
extension- triceps,anconeus

39
Q

movement elbow joint

A

normal 5-15 degree away from body
male- 170 degrees
female - 167 degrees

40
Q

What muscle involved in pronation and supination elbow jt

A

pronation- pronator teres, pronator quadratus
supination- biceps brachii, supinator
supination mor powerful than pronation sbb: strength of the biceps brachii muscle

41
Q

articulating bones wrist joint and type of joint

A

-radius
-articular disc
-carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum)
ellipsoid jt

42
Q

articular capsule-wrist join

A

above: lower end radius n ulna
beliw: proximal row of carpal bones

43
Q

ligaments wrist join

A

-Anterior ligament
-posterior ligament
-medial ligament
-lateral ligament

44
Q

what characteristics synovial membrane and nerve supply of wrist joint

A

synovial membrane
-lines capsule
-cavity does not communicate with inferior radio ulnar jt

nerve supply
- Anterior interosseous nerve
-posterior interosseous nerve
-ulnar nerve

45
Q

wrist joint movement consists of?

A

-flexion n extension
-abduction n adduction
- no rotary movement due to ellipsoid articular surface
-compensated by pronation n supination movement

Anatomy (9 decks)

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