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ISSA flashcardlet > Muscle Anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

Muscle Anatomy and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Musculoskeletal System

A

Body system consisting of the bones, joints, connective tissue and muscles.

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2
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Bones consisting of the skull, spine, and sternum.

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3
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Bones consisting of the upper and lower extremeties, including the pelvic and shoulder girdles.

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4
Q

Musculotendinous

A

Of, relating to, or affecting muscular and tendinous tissue.

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5
Q

Joint

A

Point where two bones connect.

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6
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

A fluid that lubricates the smooth cartilage in joints.

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7
Q

Collagen

A

Fibrous protein that forms tough connective tissue.

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8
Q

Feedback Loop

A

Section of a control system that serves as a regulatory mechanism; return input as some of the output.

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9
Q

Elastin

A

Elastic fibrous protein found in connective tissue.

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10
Q

Cartilage

A

A firm, elastic, flexible, white material fund at the ends of the ribs, between vertibrae (discs), at two joint surfaces, and in the nose and ears.

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11
Q

Ballistic Movement

A

High impact, rapid, jerking movements.

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12
Q

Aterior

A

In front or in the front part

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13
Q

Anteroinferior

A

In front and below.

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14
Q

Anterolateral

A

In front and to the side, especially to the outside.

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15
Q

Anteromedial

A

In front and toward the inner side or midline.

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16
Q

Caudal

A

Below in relation to another structure; inferior.

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17
Q

Cephalic

A

Above in relation to another structure; higher, superior.

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18
Q

Contralateral

A

Pertaining to or relating to the opposite side.

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19
Q

Deep

A

Beneath or below the surface; used to describe relative depthor location of muscles or tissue.

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20
Q

Distal

A

Situated away from the center ot midline of the body, or away from the point of origin,

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21
Q

Dorsal

A

Relating to the back; posterior.

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22
Q

Inferior (Infra)

A

Below in relation to another structure; caudal.

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23
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the sasme side.

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24
Q

Lateral

A

On or to the side; outside, farther from the median or midsagittal plane.

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25
Q

Medial

A

Relating to the middle or center; nearer to the medial or midsagittal plane.

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26
Q

Posterior

A

Behind, in back, or in the rear.

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27
Q

Posteroinferior

A

Behind and below; in back and below.

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28
Q

Posterolateral

A

Behind and to one side, specifically to the outside.

29
Q

Posteromedial

A

Behind and to the inner side.

30
Q

Posterosuperior

A

Behind and at the upper part.

31
Q

Prone

A

The body lying face downward; stomach lying.

32
Q

Proximal

A

Nearest to the trunk or point of origin.

33
Q

Superficial

A

Near the surface; used to describe relative depth in relation of muscles or tissue.

34
Q

Superior

A

(Supra) above in relation to another structure; higher, cephalic.

35
Q

Supine

A

Lying on the back; face upward position of the body.

36
Q

Ventral

A

Relating to the belly or abdomen.

37
Q

Volar

A

Relation to the palm of the hand or sole of the foot.

38
Q

Origin

A

The proximal attachment; generally considered as the least moveable part that attaches closest to the midline or center of the body.

39
Q

Insertion

A

The distal attachment; generally considered the most moveable part or the part that attaches farthest from the midline or the center of the body.

40
Q

Involuntary Muscle Tissues

A

Receive nerve fibers from the autonomic nervous system and cannot be voluntarily controlled, except in a few rare cases. (e.g., the heart)

41
Q

Muscle Spindles

A

Special sense organs that measure the strain in the muscle and can be used to pre-set the tension of muscles.

42
Q

Myofibrils

A

Tiny fibrils that make up a single muscle fiber.

43
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Jelly-like intracellular fluid found in the muscle fiber.

44
Q

Sliding Filament Therory

A

Theory stating that a myofibril contracts by the actin and myosin filaments sliding over each other.

45
Q

Isometric

A

A contraction in which the muscle develops tension but does not shorten.

46
Q

Isotonic

A

A contraction in whicg the muscle shortens but retains constant tension.

47
Q

Concentric

A

A contraction in which a muscle shortens and overcomes a resistance.

48
Q

Eccentric

A

A contraction in which a muscle lengthens and is overcome by a resistance.

49
Q

Lactic Acid

A

A byproduct of glucose and glycogen metabolism (glycosis) in anaerobic muscle energetics.

50
Q

Fast-twitch

A

Muscle fiber type that restores quickly and is used most in intensive, short-duration exercises.

51
Q

Slow-twitch

A

A mnuscle fiber characterized by its slow speed of contraction and a high capacity for aerobic glycosis.

52
Q

Type I

(slow-twitch)

A

A slow-twitch muscle fiber that generates ATP predominantly through the aerobic system of energy transfer.

53
Q

Type IIa

(fast-twitch)

A

A fast-twitch fiber subdivision characterized by a characterized by a fast shortening speed and well-developed capacity for energy transfer from aerobic and anaerobic sources.

54
Q

Type IIb.

(fast-twitch)

A

A fast-twitch fiber subdivision characterized by the most rapid shortening velocity and greatest anaerobic potential.

55
Q

Type IIc.

(fast-twitch)

A

A fast-twitch mnuscle fiber that results from the ‘fusion’ of TypeIIb with surrounding satellite cells.

56
Q

Size Principle of Fiber Recruitment

A

Principle stating that motor units are recruited in order according to their recruitment thresholds and firing rates.

57
Q

All-or-None Reaction

A

Concept stating that a unit is either completely relaxed or fully contracted; it is never partially contracted.

58
Q

Stretch Reflex

A

A built-in protective fuction of the neuromuscular system in the muscle spindle.

59
Q

Proprioceptor

A

Specialized sensory receptors located in tendons and muscles sensitive to stretch, tension, and pressure.

60
Q

Anatomy

A

The science of the structure of the human body.

61
Q

Physiology

A

The science concerne with the normal vital processes of animal and vegetable organisms.

62
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine tri Phospate; an energy-storing compound found in cells, which release energy when needed by the body.

63
Q

CP

A

Creatine Phosphate; a high-energy phosphate molecule that is stored in cells and can be used to immediately resynthesize ATP.

64
Q

Creatine

A

Organic acid generally found in the muscle as phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate) that supplies energy for muscle contraction.

65
Q

Hypertrophy

A

An increase in the cross-sectional size of a muscle in response to strength training.

66
Q

Capillarization

A

An increase in size and number of tiny blood vessels surrounding cells.

67
Q

Hyperplasia

A

An increase in number of cells in a tissue ot organ, whereby bulk of the part or organ may be increased.

68
Q
A

ISSA flashcardlet (3 decks)

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