Muscle Anatomy

Question 1

Describe the 5 main features of cardiac muscle

Answer 1

Cell shape- Branched and Y shaped
#Nuclei- uni or bi nucleated
Striations- Striated
Control-involuntary
Special features- Intercalated discs, auto-rhythmic

Question 2

Where is smooth muscle located, and what is it’s function?

Answer 2

Found in the walls of blood vessels and in digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive organs.

Function- Moves food, urine, and reproductive tract secretions; controls diameter of respiratory passageways and blood vessels.

Question 3

Describe the 5 main features of smooth muscle

Answer 3

Cell shape- Fusiform (wide middle and tapered ends) 
#Nuclei- Uni-nucleate
Striations- Not Striated
Control-involuntary
Special features- fatigue resistant

Question 4

Where is skeletal muscle located, and what is it’s function?

Answer 4

Location- Combined with connective and neural tissue in skeletal muscles

Function- Moves or stabilizes the position of the skeleton, Guards entrances and exits to the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts; generates heat; and protects internal organs.

Question 5

Describe the 5 main features of skeletal muscle

Answer 5

Cell shape- long, cylindrical
#Nuclei- multi
Striations- striated
Control-voluntary
Special features- myoglobin, innervation, vascular.

Question 6

What are some examples of neuroglia cells and what role do they play in the nervous system?

Answer 6

Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Ependymal cells, Schwann cells

Supportive role- nutrition, defense, nerve fiber insulation, blood brain barrier.

Question 7

How are neuron unique from neuroglia cells, and what are some examples of neural tissue?

Answer 7

Neurons transmit electrical signals while neuroglia do not

Neural tissue- brain, spinal cord, nerves.

Question 8

Which quad muscles (of the anterior thigh) cross the knee joint and which the hip joint? How are they innervated?

Answer 8

Vastus muscles cross the knee joint only

Rectus femoris, and sartorius cross both

Femoral nerve

Question 9

Where do the hamstring muscles (posterior thigh) originate? What joints do they cross? How are they innervated (generally)? What are their names? How are they innervated?

Answer 9

orig- ischial tuberosity

Cross both hip and knee joints

Innervated by tibial division of the sciatic nerve (inferiomedialy along the posterior thigh)

Bicepts femoris (long head)
Semi membranosis
semitendinosus

Sciatic nerve

Question 10

Name the muscles of the Adductor group belonging to the medial thigh. How are they innervated?

Answer 10

Pectineus
Gracilis
Adductor-longus, brevis, magnus
Obturator externus

Obturator nerve

Question 11

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

From lateral to medial- what does it contain?

Answer 11

Superior: inguinal ligament
Lateral: Sartorius
Medial: Adductor longus

NAVL-femoral nerve, artery, vein, and lymphatics