Clinical application/OPP

Question 1

What is a muscle strain? What type of activity usually results in a muscle strain?

Answer 1

Sudden Stretch on Muscle that is Actively Contracting
Can be a stretching or partial tear of a muscle

More common in muscles spanning two joints: Rectus femorus, sartorisus, hamstring muscles, gastrocnemius

Frequently seen in athletes who jump, kick, and run

Question 2

How are muscle strains graded? Describe the degree of injury for each grad and the corresponding treatment

Answer 2

1-3, graded on amount of musculotendinous fibers torn

1- partial tear, no no opening of joint on stress maneuvers
Treat- Symptomatic only, OMT

2-partial tear, partial opening of joint
Treat-immobilization; full healing expected

3-complete tear, complete opening of joint on stress maneuvers (feel it under the skin)
Treat-immobilization; possible surgery

Question 3

How does age affect incidence of muscle strain

Answer 3

increases due to collagen changes, resulting in decreased elasticity

Question 4

Muscle tears can involve what other important structures?

Answer 4

fascia.

Also, pain and swelling may not be noted initaly

Question 5

In which do you see more swelling, tenderness, and bruising: ligamentous sprain, or muscle strain.

Answer 5

ligamentous sprain.

Question 6

What are some signs of a muscle tear?

Answer 6

pain, swelling, tenderness, pain increased by stretching, or with a complete rupture; palpable defect.

Question 7

What is RICE best used for? what’s an early contraindicated therapy?

Answer 7

Partial tears and muscle strains

heat. you want ice until the swelling subsides

Question 8

What is the cause of cramps and soreness? What are the most commonly affected muscles? What should you treat this with?

Answer 8

unknown-some think waste products, electrolytes

mostly thigh, calf, and foot

Stretching, massage/OMT, rest, NSAIDS, heat

Question 9

Nocturnal muscle cramps are more common among which age group? how should you treat this condition?

Answer 9

children “growing pains” , and less athletic adults

heat massage NSAIDS

Question 10

what’s a contusion, and how do you differentiate between a muscle rupture and a contusion?

Answer 10

bruising

function remains after a contusion, and it’s the result of direct trama . Intramuscular hematoma is common.

Question 11

explain the contusion scale

Answer 11

0-3

Grade 0—little or no soft-tissue injury.
Grade 1—superficial abrasion with local contusional damage to skin or muscle.
Grade 2—deep contaminated abrasion with local contusional damage to skin and muscle.
Grade 3—extensive contusion or crushing of skin or destruction of muscle.

Treat- RICE

Question 12

what’s a muscle compartment? What’s acute compartment syndrome?

Answer 12

Group of one or more muscles and their associated nerves and vessels surrounded by fascia; which is relatively unyeilding.

intracompartmental pressure exceeds vascular perfusion and ischemia results in the enclosed space. emergency.

Question 13

Describe what muscle spasms are and are not

Answer 13

sustained involuntary muscular contraction
Not common

Associated: leg cramps, muscle guarding w/ fractures
commonly used (incorrectly) to describe muscle pain, usually in the spine

Miscomprehension leads to overuse of muscle relaxants

Question 14

How can you use OPP to support the health of injured muscle areas?

Answer 14

Use OMT to reduce hypertonicity, improve circulation and drainage

Question 15

Describe the 3 types of inversion sprains

Answer 15

Type 1 Anterior talofibular ligament
Type 2 ATFL + calcaneofibular ligament
Type 3 ATFL + CFL + posterior talofibular ligament.