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anatomy test 2 > Muscle Actions > Flashcards

Muscle Actions Flashcards

1
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

acting together: flex cervical portion of vertebral column, flex head at atlanto-occipital joints
acting singly: laterally rotate and flex head to opposite side of contracting muscle
posterior fibers can assist in extension of head

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2
Q

rectus abdominis

A

flexes vertebral column especially lumbar portion and compresses abdomen to aid in defecation, urination, force exhalation, and child birth

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3
Q

external oblique

A

bilaterally: compress abdomen and flex vertebral column
unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column

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4
Q

internal oblique

A

bilaterally: compress abdomen and flex vertebral column
unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column

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5
Q

transversus abdominis

A

compresses abdomen

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6
Q

diaphragm

A

contraction causes it to flatten and increase vertical dimensions of thoracic cavity resulting in inhalation
relaxation causes it to move superiorly and decrease vertical dimension of thoracic cavity resulting in exhalation

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7
Q

external intercostals

A

contraction elevates ribs and increases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity resulting in inhalation
relaxation depresses ribs and decreases anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity resulting in exhalation

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8
Q

internal intercostals

A

contraction draws adjacent ribs together to further decrease anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of thoracic cavity during forced exhalation

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9
Q

trapezius

A

elevate clavicle & head and adduct, rotate, elevate, and depress scapula
extends the head
superior fibers upward rotate scapula
middle fibers adduct scapula
inferior fibers depress and upward rotate scapula
superior and inferior fibers together rotate scapula upward
stabilizes scapula
superior fibers can help extend head

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10
Q

rhomboideus major

A

elevates and adducts scapula and rotates it downward

stabilizes scapula

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11
Q

pectoralis major

A

flex, medially rotate, and adduct humerus
as whole: adducts and mediall rotates arm at shoulder joint
calvicular head flexes arm
sternocostal head extends the flexed arm to side of trunk

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12
Q

latissiums dorsi

A

extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint
draws arm inferiorly and posteriorly
RMA: elevates vertebral column and torso

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13
Q

deltoid

A

abducts, flexes, extends, medially and laterally rotates humerus
lateral fibers abduct arm at shoulder joint
anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm at shoulder joint
posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate at should joint

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14
Q

supraspinatus

A

assists deltoid in abducting arm at shoulder joint

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15
Q

teres major

A

extends arm at shoulder joint and assists in adduction and medial rotation of arm at shoulder joint

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16
Q

teres minor

A

laterally rotates, extends, and adducts humerus

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17
Q

biceps brachii

A

flexes forearm
supinates and pronates forearm
flexes arm

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18
Q

brachialis

A

flexes forearm

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19
Q

brachioradialis

A

flexes forearm

partially supinates and pronates forearm (to neutral position)

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20
Q

triceps brachii

A

extends forearm at elbow joint

extends arm at shoulder joint

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21
Q

rotator cuff

A

strengthen and stabilize shoulder joint

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22
Q

palmaris longus

A

weakly flexes hand at wrist joint

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23
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flexes middle phalanx of each finger

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24
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

flexes distal phalanx of each finger

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25
Q

flexor pollucis longus

A

flexes distal phalanx of thumb

26
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

extends and abducts hand at wrist joint (radial deviation)

27
Q

extensor digitorum

A

extends phalanges of each finger

28
Q

extensor pollucis brevis

A

extends phalanges of thumb

29
Q

thenar

A

act on thumb

30
Q

hypothenar

A

act on little finger

31
Q

midpalmer

A

act on all fingers

32
Q

psoas major

A 
flexes vertebra (flexes trunk on hip as in sitting up from supine position)
flexes and laterally rotates femur
33
Q

gluteus maximus

A

extends, abducts, adducts, and laterally rotates femur

34
Q

gluteus medius

A

abducts and medially rotates femur

35
Q

tensor fasciae latae

A

flexes and abducts femur

36
Q

medial compartment (thigh)

A

adducts femur

adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor brevis, gracilis

37
Q

adductor longus

A

flexes, adducts, and laterally rotates femur

RMA: extends femur

38
Q

adductor brevis

A

flexes, adducts, and laterally rotates femur

39
Q

gracilis

A

adducts femur

flexes leg

40
Q

anterior compartment (thigh)

A

extends leg

quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedias), sartorius

41
Q

quadriceps femoris

A

extends leg

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

42
Q

rectus femoris

A

alone: flexes femur

43
Q

sartorius

A

flexes and medially rotates leg

flexes and laterally rotates femur

44
Q

posterior compartment (thigh)

A

extends femur and flexes leg

biceps femoris, semitendinososis, semimembranosus

45
Q

biceps femoris

A

flexes and laterally rotates leg

extends femur

46
Q

semitendinosis

A

flexes and medially rotates leg

extends femur

47
Q

semimembranosus

A

flexes and medially rotates leg

extends femur

48
Q

posterior compartment (leg)

A

plantar flexion

gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus

49
Q

gastrocnemius

A

plantar flexion and leg flexion

50
Q

soleus

A

plantar flexion

51
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

plantar flexion

flexes distal and proximal phalanges of big toe

52
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

plantar flexion

flexes phalanges of toes 2-5

53
Q

anterior compartment (leg)

A

dorsiflexion

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus

54
Q

tibialis anterior

A 
dorsiflexion 
inverts (supinates) foot
55
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

dorsiflexion

everts and extends phalanges of toes

56
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

dorsiflexion

inverts and extends proximal phalanges

57
Q

flexor digitorum brevis

A

flexes toes 2-5 (lateral 4)

58
Q

flexor hallucis brevis

A

flexes big toe

59
Q

splenius

A

splenius capitis
splenius cervicis

extend head and laterally flex and rotate head

60
Q

erector spinae

A

iliocastilis -cervicis, thoracis, lumborum
longissimus - capitis, cervicis, thoracis
spinalis - capitis, cervicis, thoracis

chief extensor of vertebral column
important in controlling flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation of vertebral column and in maintaining lumbar curve

61
Q

transversospinales

A

semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis) - extend vertebral column and rotate head

multifidus (C7-sacrum) - extends and laterally flexes vertebral column; important in maintaining lumbar curve

rotatores (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum) - contribute little to vertebral movement but play important role in monitoring position of vertebral column and providing propioceptive feedback to stronger vertebral muscles

anatomy test 2 (5 decks)

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