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*MCD Tissues Y1* > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

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2
Q

How is skeletal muscle found?

A

In antagonistic pairs, consisting of flexor and extensor muscles.
Attached to bone

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3
Q

What are the three types of skeletal muscle contraction?

A

Concentric: Shortening (Flexor)
Eccentric: Lengthening (extensor)
Isocentric: No length change, but tension

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4
Q

Describe the structure of skeletal muscle:

A

Myofibril cells arranged into myofibres

Myofibres further bundled w/ blood vessels and nerves

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5
Q

What are Sarcomeres?

A

Functional unit of muscle

Between Z-lines

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6
Q

What are the components of a Sarcomere?

A 
Actin
Myosin
Troponin
Titin
Nebulin
Tropomyosin
CapZ & Tropomodulin
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7
Q

What is actin?

A

Polymeric thin filament composed of 2 twisted alpha helices - displays polarity

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8
Q

What is myosin?

A

Thick filaments w/ globular heads that interact with actin

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9
Q

What is Titin?

A

Very large spring-like filaments anchoring Myosin to the Z-line

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10
Q

What is Nebulin?

A

Large filaments associated w/Actin

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11
Q

What is Tropomyosin?

A

Elongated protin bound to actin

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12
Q

What is the Sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Cellular store of Ca2+ ions that are released to allow contraction

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13
Q

What are T-tubules?

A

Invaginations of the sarcolemma that contact extracellular fluid

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14
Q

What are the two receptors used in contraction of Skeletal muscle?

A

DHPR (Dihydropyridine receptors)

RyR (Ryanodine receptors)

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15
Q

Describe the process of Excitation-contraction coupling:

A

AP moves alond arcolemma and into T-tubules. Depolarisation activates DHPR inducing a conformational change that also opens RhR (Physical contact) on SR releasing Ca2+

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16
Q

What is Troponin?

A

What Ca2+ binds to, forms a helix around actin

17
Q

Describe the sliding filament theory:

A
  1. Ca2+ binds to troponin causing it to move from tropomyosin.
  2. Myosin binding site on actin chain exposed
  3. ‘Charged’ myosin head binds and ADP dissociates which causes ‘power stroke’ - Actin filament pulled towards centre.
  4. ATP binds, provides energy to dissociate myosin from actin.
  5. ATP hydrolysis recharges ‘cocks’ the myosin head.
18
Q

Describe cardiomyocytes:

A

Striated muscle cells.
Distinct but linked by intercalated discs which contain numerous gap junctions to allow APs to spread rapidly between cells

19
Q

What is the difference in Cardiac EC coupling?

A

Instead of DHPR receptors opening, VGCCs are opened by Ca2+ influx, opeining RhR (calcium induced calcium release)

*MCD Tissues Y1* (8 decks)

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