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Exercise Physiology > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of muscles

A
  • skeletal
  • cardiac
  • smooth
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2
Q

Step 1 of muscular contraction

A

-nerve stimulation

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3
Q

Step 2 of muscular contraction

A

-action potential

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4
Q

Action potential

A

an electrical current that must be generated in the sarcolemma

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5
Q

Step 3

A

Action must be propegated along sarcolemma

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6
Q

Step 4

A

intracellular Ca2+ levels must rise briefly

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7
Q

What ACH

A

-acetycholine, which is the neurotransmitter at neuromuscular junction

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8
Q

Four main characteristics of muscle

A
  • elasticity
  • excitability
  • elasticity
  • contractility
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9
Q

Excitability

A

ability to receive and respond to a stimuli

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10
Q

Extensability

A

Ability to be stretched

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11
Q

Elasticity

A

ability to recoil after stretched

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12
Q

Contractility

A

ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated

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13
Q

Four movement functions of muscle

A
  • produce movement
  • stabalize joints
  • generate heat
  • maintain posture
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14
Q

Three features of skeletal muscle

A
  • nerve and blood supply
  • connective tissue sheaths
  • attachments
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15
Q

Sarcolemma

A

muscle fiber plasma membrane

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16
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

muscle fiber cytoplasm

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17
Q

Modified organelles

A
  • myofibrils
  • sarcoplasm
  • t tubules
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18
Q

Myofibrils

A
  • densely packed rod like elements

- account for 80% of the muscle cell volume

19
Q

Myofibril features

A
  • stirations
  • sarcomeres
  • myofilaments
  • molecular composition of myofilaments
20
Q

Sarcomere

A
  • smallest contractile unit

- individual sarcomere align end to end and along myofibril, like boxcars of a train

21
Q

Myofilaments

A

orderly arrangment of myosin and actin myofilaments within sarcomere

22
Q

Actin myofilaments

A

-thin filaments

23
Q

Myosin filaments

A

-thick filaments

24
Q

Molecular composition of thick filaments

A
  • composed of the protein myosin

- during contraction, heads link thin and thick filaments together forming crossbridge

25
Q

Molecular composition of thin filaments

A

-composed of protein actin

26
Q

Troponin and tropomyosin

A

-regulatory proteins bound to actin

27
Q

Elastic filament

A

composed of protein called titin

28
Q

Titin

A
  • holds thick filaments in place

- helps recoil after stretch

29
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A
  • network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • functions in regulation of intracellular Ca2+
  • stores and releases Ca2+
30
Q

T-tubules

A
  • tube formed by protusion of sarcolemma deep into cell interior
  • increases muscle fiber surface area
  • allows electrical signal to reach deep into cell interior of each muscle finer
31
Q

Sliding filament model of contraction

A

states that during contraction, thin filaments slide past thick filaments, causing actin and myosin to overlap more

32
Q

contraction

A

the activation of cross bridges generate force

33
Q

How are bridges made possible?

A

because of calcium release in the sarcoplasmic retiulum

34
Q

depolarization

A

reduction of negative membrane potential

35
Q

Polarization

A

movement of the membrane potential to the initial resting state

36
Q

Excitation contraction coupling E-C

A

-events that transmit AP along sarcolemma (excitation) are coupled to sliding of myofilaments (contraction)

37
Q

Step 1 of crossbridge cycle

A
  • cross bridge formation

- high energy

38
Q

Step 2 of crossbridge cycle

A

Working (power) stroke: myosin head pivots and pulls thin filament towards m line

39
Q

Step 3 of cross bridge cycle

A

cross bridge development: ATP attaches yo myosin head, causing cross bridge detach

40
Q

Step 4 of cross bridge cycle

A

cocking of myosin head, energy from hydrolysis of ATP “cocks” myosin head into high energy state

41
Q

Creatine phosphate

A

Ca2+ re entry into SR-tension declines to zero

42
Q

Glycolysis

A

first step in breakdown of glucose

43
Q

3 factors of glycolysis

A
  • does not require oxygen
  • glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvic acid molecules
  • 2 ATP’s are generated for each glucose

Exercise Physiology (3 decks)

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