Muscle Flashcards
Define bone
Strong and hard, made of bone cells which are fixed firmly in a matrix of collagen and calcium salts
Define cartilage
Tissue, hard but flexible sketetal tissue that often act as a shock absorber and prevent wear in joints
2 types of cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
- found at the end of the bones
White fibrous cartilage
Densely packed collagen in the matrix
—> great tensile strength but is less flexible
Define tendons
Inelastic white fibrous tissue made up of collagen fibre
MUSCLE TO BONE
Define ligament
Most elastic tissue which forms joint capsule
(JOINS BONE TOGETHER)
Define synovial fluid
Fluid which lubricates the most mobile joints
- act as a lubricant
- prevent wear and tear of the cartilage
Define Antagonistic pairs
Muscle work which work in opposition to each other pulling in opposite direction
Properties of smooth muscle
Involuntary control
Not striped under the microscope
—> muscle in the gut, blood vessel
Contract and fatigue slowly
Properties cardiac muscle
Only found in the heart
Involuntary control
Striated under the microscope (appears stripy)
The fibres are joined by special cross connection
Contract spontaneously
Doesnt get fatigue
Define sacromere
Basic unit of muscle structure
Define sarcoplasm
The cytoplasm of muscle cell
-contain many mitochondria
Function of sarcoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic recticulum found in sacromere
- stores and release calcium ion
Define myofibrils
A very long contracting fibre in skeletal muscle cells
Lying parallel to each other
Slow twitch is used for what activity
Maintain posture and during long periods of activity
What is fast twitch muscle used for
Rapid brief activity
Does slow twitch contain more myoglobin
Contains more myoglobin and rich blood supply
—> the extra myoglobin can release oxygen to enable continued aerobic respiration (release much more ATP)
Does fast twitch contain more or less myoglobin
Less myoglobin
Does slow twitch contain lots of mitochondria
More mitochondria
-maintain their activity without needing to respire anaerobically for any length of time
Does fast twitch contain lots of mitochondria
Less mitochondria and fewer blood vessels
-often perform anaerobic respiration
Slow twitch muscle fibre…
Which contracts and fatigues slowly
Fast twitch muscle fibre …
Contract very rapidly and strongly and fatigue quickly
Slow twitch contain less
Less glycogen stores
Less creatine phosphate
Fast twitch muscle fibre
Contains lots of rich glycogen stores which can be converted to glucose for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Contain high level of creatine phosphate which can be used to convert ATP to ADP
Through training the muscle what changes
The number of muscle fibre doesn’t change but the size and type of fibre can change