Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology U5 > 8A Brin > Flashcards

8A Brin Flashcards

1
Q

What does the left hand side of the brain receive

A

Control the right hand side of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s does right hand side of the brain receive

A

control the left hand side of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the cerebrum control

A

Responsible for muscle coordination and movement
- carry conscious activities
-vision
-hearing
-speech
-thinking
-memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hypothalamus role

A

Thermoregulation
Monitors blood temperature and initiate a homeostatic response if temp. Too high or too Low

Osmoregulation
Monitor the water balance of the blood and release the hormone ADH if the blood becomes too conc.
—> ADH increase absorption of water in the kidney

Controlling pituitary gland
To release hormones to control a variet of processed

Regulating digestive activity
Regulate the hormones that control appetite as well as the secretion of digestive enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Role of pituitary gland

A

Anterior pituitary produces and release hormones

Posterior pituitary store and release hormones produced by the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Role of cerebellum

A

Coordinates movement
Control balance and maintain posture
-balance
—> multiples parts eyes, semicircular canals in the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Role of medulla oblongata

A

Contains co-ordination centre that control different unconscious function
- cardiac centre - controls heart rate
-respiratory cente controls breathing rate

Breathing rate
Blood pressure
Coughing
Swallowing
Saliva production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Eyes in dim light on the muscle

A

Circular muscle relax

Radial muscle contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Eyes in dim light on the pupil

A

Dilated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bright light on the eyes

A

Circular muscle contract

Radial muscle relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bright light on the eyes pupil

A

Constricted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system on the preganglionic fibre

A

Long myelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system on the postganglionic fibre

A

Short unmyelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Parasympathetic system on the organ system

A

Slower calmer or inhibitory effect on the organ system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Rest and digest

Feed and breed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system what neurotransmitters it produces

A

Neurotransmitters acetylcholine at the synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system where is the ganglia near to

A

Ganglia are near to or in the effector organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sympathetic nervous system where is the ganglia near to

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sympathetic nervous system preganglionic fibre

A

Short myelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sympathetic nervous system postganglionic fibre

A

Long unmyelinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Active, under physical and psychological stress

Fight or flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters produce

A

Produce the neurotransmitters NORADRENALINE at the synaptic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does CT scan work

A

X ray to produce a cross section image

A beam of x ray is aimed at a patient from all angles around the body

Digital x ray detector are used to pick up the x ray as they exit the patient body

Denser tissue absorb more of x ray radiation so show up a lighter region on a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Usage of CT

A

Identify and detect problems such as brain tuners , bleeding in the br aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Advantages of CT
Physical structure of the brain and allows visually Saigon of any tissue damage —> infer they function of the different egions of the brain by matching a patient symptoms with the areas of the brain damage
26
CT disadvantage
Don’t show the function of the region but - possible to link symptoms with the location of any tissue damage Not recommend for pregnant patient or children to risk of exposure to x ray radiation Less detail and risk of x ray
27
How does MRI work
Use magnetic field and radio waves to image the soft tissue
28
Advantages of MRI
Soft tissue can be seen MRI, and images produced at a higher resolution More details —> fineee detailed MRI allow you to clearly see the difference between normal and abnormal Less risk than CT scans (no use X-ray ) —> safer thus less risk of cell damage,mutation
29
MRI disadvantage
Function of brain regions can be inferred by matching up a patient symptoms with areas of brain damage Noisy and patient must keep their head completely still
30
MRI usage
Different tissue respond differently to the magnetic field Computer put the slices (2D image) to produce 3D image
31
How does fMRI work
Deoxyhaemoglobin absorb the radio wave signal and later remits it More oxygenated blood flows to active areas of the brain to supply the neurone with oxygen and glucose Molecules in oxygenated blood respond differently to a magnetic field than those in deoxygenated blood the signal returned to the scanner is stronger from the oxygenated blood which allows more active areas of the brain to be identified
32
How it works
Monitor the absorption of oxygen in different brain areas -deoxygenated absorb the radio waves and remits it but oxyhaemolobin does not = less re-emit of signal from active areas because it is oxygenated blood that is being supplied
33
fMRI advantages
High resolution MRI and fMRI scan allows brain function to be studied in real time If a function is carried out whilst in the scanner the part of the brain that involved with that function will be more active Damaged or diseased areas of the brain and allow you to study condition caused by abnormal activity
34
fMRI disadvantage
Noisy procedure - cause ppl to be stressful Must keep their head completely still cuz any movement reduces the accuracy of the image ~~argument over that blood flow to different areas of the brain when a subject is looking at different stimulus is a case of correlation not causation
35
how does PET work
Radioactive tracers collect in areas where there is increased blood flow , metabolism or neurotransmitters activity Which region of the brain are activated at any given time but they use radioactive tracers such as radioactivity labelled glucose The radioactively labelled glucose will accumulate in parts of the brain which are and will produce a stronger signal
36
PET advantages
High resolution and high quality Both structures and function of the brain in real time Gives 3D images The scanner can detect areas of high radioactivity and so the movement of the tracer through the body and any accumulation of tracer in the brain can be seen —> indicate whether that region is active or inactive
37
PET disadvantage
Patient gets injected with a rdiotracer (radioactive isotopes)
38
What is a blood brain barrier
Is a barrier formed by the endothelial cells that lie the capillaries of the brain which are tightly joined together making it difficult for bacteria or therapeutic drugs to enter the brain
39
What could be Parkinson disease
Could be genetic factor or environmental factors( toxins, herbicides and pesticides)
40
What part of the brain caused damage to Parkinson disease
Loss of nerve cell in substantia nigra which produces dopamine as neurotransmitters = no dopamine production from this area
41
What is substantia nigra involved in
Control and coordination of movement
42
Symptoms Parkinson disease
Tremor Slowness of movements Stiffness of the muscle Poor balance
43
L dopa
Can cross the blood brain barrier L-dopa can be converted into dopamine Supplying the brain with L dopa allows the remaining cells to make as muscle dopamine as possible Reduce stiffness and slow movement
44
Dopamine agonists
Produce the same effect as mimic dopamine by binding to and activating dopamine receptors on the post synaptic membrane
45
Enzyme inhibitors (MAOB)
Monamine oxidase B (MAOB) inhibitors inhibits the activity of enzyme that would normally breakdown dopamine in the synaptic cleft raising levels of dopamine present in the brain 1)Inhibits the enzyme which cause the breakdown of neurotransmitters in the synapses form the brain 2)more neurotransmitters remains in the synaptic cleft 3)more impulses travel along the post synaptic axon 4)reduce symptoms by producing a more positive mood
46
How does gene therapy relate to Parkinson disease
Involve in addition of genes to the affected cells in the brain to either increase dopamine production or prevent the destruction of dopamine-producing cells
47
How does stem cell therapy relate to Parkinson disease
Stem cell could be used to replace the lost dopamine-producing cells in the brain
48
Why ecstasy cause depression
49
How does ecstasy work
1) ecstasy blocks the serotonin reuptake transport system so that synapse are completely flooded with serotonin which cannot be returned to the presynaptic knob 2)stimulate the release of serotonin in the presynaptic knob into the synaptic which affect the postsynaptic membrane and flood the brain with impulse 3)dopamine system are affected with the high level of serotonin stimulating the release of more dopamine
50
What is ecstasy
Act as a stimulant Increase heart rate Psychotropic drug —> causes a change in mood —> alter the way people see the world
51
What effect ecstasy
Increased heart rate Body is unable to regulate its temp. No desire to drink hence causing hyperthermia (overheat) —> raised blood pressure —> irregular heart beat Death may result Affect the hypothalamus—> secrete more ADH—> more water reabsorption —> more conc urine(less volume of urine)
52
What is SSRI
SSRI inhibits the reputable of protein in the presynaptic membrane so more serotonin remains in the synaptic cleft more impulse travel along the post synaptic axon to relieve the symptoms
53
Example of SSRI PROZAC
1) it inhibits the reputable transporters 2)more serotonin remains in the synaptic cleft 3) more impulses travel along the post synaptic axon 4)reduces symptoms by producing more positive mood
54
Causes of depression
Low levels of neurotransmitters of serotonin
55
Symptoms of depression
Feeling of intense sadness Loss of interest in pleasureable activities Low self esteem Low energy level
56
FUNCTION OF SSRI (SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS)
Ssri inhibits the reuptake proteins in the presynaptic membrane so more serotonin remains in the synaptic cleft more impulse travel along the post synaptic neurone axon to relive symptoms
57
Effect on SAN sympathetic
Stimulate SAN Increase frequency of signal
58
Effect on SAN parasympathetic
Inhibit SAN Decrease frequency of signal
59
Sympathetic effect on heart rate
Speed up heart rate
60
Parasympathetic heart rate
Slow down heart rate

Biology U5 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions