Muscle

Question 1

What is a sprain?

Answer 1

Sprain – an injury to a joint that results in damage to muscles and
ligaments. Severe sprains may cause ligaments to be completely torn.
R.I.C.E
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

Question 2

What are the treatments for a sprain, including R.I.C.E?

Answer 2

Rest: The joint must be rested and should not bear weight until it can do so without pain.
Ice: Apply ice to the joint during the first 48 hours after the injury occurs to help decrease swelling and pain.
Compression: Apply an elastic bandage or compression stocking or sleeve to compress the joint and prevent further swelling.
Elevation: Keep the joint elevated above the heart, again to help decrease swelling and pain

Question 3

What tissues of the skeleton tissue?

Answer 3

• Bone
• articular Cartilage
  *Fibrous Connective Tissue (Ligaments)

Question 4

What is the function of the skeleton tissue?

Answer 4

Function:
Movement, protection, and storage of calcium.

Question 5

Tissues of the muscular system?

Answer 5

Skeletal muscle
Fibrous connective tissue (tendon)
Fasciae

Question 6

What are the nursing interventions for a patient who has just had a plaster cast placed?

Answer 6

Teach the patient to avoid putting anything between the cast and the skin. To reduce itching, instruct the patient to blow cool air with a blow dryer. Observe for any drainage staining the cast or any malodorous discharge, which could indicate infection beneath the cast. Report observation to the health care provider. Assess circulation, by performing neurovascular checks every 2 hours for the first 24 hr. Assess the patient vital signs and pain level.

Question 7

What are the nursing assessments, interventions, and nursing considerations, and what should be included in discharge planning for a patient that just had a knee replacement?

Answer 7

Total Knee Replacements
When a patient has had a total knee replacement, it is important that the CPM therapy be performed correctly to prevent a limited range of motion in the prosthetic knee joint. These guidelines will be useful when caring for a patient with a total knee replacement. Check to see if weight-bearing limits. Monitor for infection ensures that the patient’s pain is managed so that he or she can tolerate passive exercise.
Set the degrees of flexion on the CPM machine according to the physician’s orders.
Follow orders exactly regarding the length of time the CPM machine is to be in use and advancing the degrees of flexion.
Assist the patient in and out of bed using a walker or other assistive device.
Follow the physician’s orders regarding the amount of weight bearing allowed on the operative knee

Question 8

Know the 5 sections of the vertebral column and how many vertebrae are in each section?.

Answer 8

Cervical vertebrae: 7 vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae: 12 vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae: 5 vertebrae
Sacrum: 5 fused vertebrae
Coccyx: 4 fused vertebrae

Question 9

Lab:
Calcium

Answer 9

Bone disorders
Poor digestive absorption
-8-10 normal ranges
If calcium increases, phosphorus decrease

Question 10

Lab:
Magnesium

Answer 10

1.7-2.2
Kidney failure
Reason: muscle contractility, depress neuromuscular junction

Question 11

Creatine Kinase (CK):

Answer 11

Normal range: 30-170
Muscle injury such as muscular dystrophy

Question 12

normal ranges: 44-147 IU/L
Liver disease, thyroid disease.
An enzyme that increases when a bone is damaged.

Answer 12

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP):

Question 13

Myoglobin:

Answer 13

Normal: 25-72
Skeletal, heart, muscle damage
A protein found in striated( skeletal and cardiac) muscle. It causes the red color of muscle. When skeletal muscle is damaged, myoglobin rises in the blood.

Question 14

Potassium:

Answer 14

3.5-5.3 mEq/L
Function of nerve and muscle cells
Hypokalemia: diarrhea, vomiting, bulimia, starvation
Hyperkalemia: Renal failure, ketoacidosis, large burns

Question 15

What are the normal effects of age on the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 15

Decreased Muscle Mass/Strength
Decreased Elasticity of Ligaments, Tendons, Cartilage
Decrease in Intervertebral Space
Changes in Posture and Gait Changes
Impaired Mobility
Increased Risk for Falls
Pain

Question 16

What are the nursing assessments and interventions for rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 16

Rhabdomyolysis is a very serious and potentially fatal condition associated with muscle destruction due to an injury, high fever, convulsion, or prolonged muscle compression.
Assessment: Look for high levels of creatine kinase, myoglobin, and serum potassium levels.
Observe for dark urine, muscle weakness, and myalgia. The goal of treatment is to restore normal fluid ad electrolyte balance.

Question 17

Know the 7 components of the Neurovascular Assessment and how is each assessed?

Answer 17

Movement = paralysis Alterations in movement
Sensation = paresthesia Alterations in feeling, tingling
Capillary refill = perfusion Nailbed that does not blanch in 3-5 seconds
Color = pallor Cyanosis, redness, or discoloration
Pulses = pulses Diminished or absent distal pulses
Temperature = polar Unusual coolness or warmth
Pain = pain Pain that is worse on passive motion, and no longer responds to analgesics

Question 18

Arthroplasty:

Answer 18

a surgical procedure to restore the function of a joint.

Question 19

Crepitation/Crepitus:

Answer 19

Crackling or grating sound caused by bones rubbing against each other, also called creaky joints.

Question 20

Arthrocentesis:

Answer 20

is a procedure in which synovial fluid is aspirated from a joint for analysis or to relieve pressure.

Question 21

Arthroscopy:

Answer 21

An invasive procedure performed under local or light general anesthesia, the patient is treated as a surgical candidate in a same-day surgery setting.

Question 22

: cells that make bone

Answer 22

Osteoblasts

Question 23

cells that Break down bone

Answer 23

Osteoclasts

Question 24

connective tissue that covers all outer bone surfaces except at the joint, where cartilage covers the end of the bone

Answer 24

Periosteum:

Question 25

Bursae:

Answer 25

fluid-filled sac that works as a cushion and gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body