Murmur's

Question 1

Diastolic blowing murmur, heard at left sternal border, early diastolic murmur

Austin flint murmur at apex

Answer 1

AR

Question 2

Diastolic – mid-diastolic, low pitched (difficult to hear), most prominent at apex when patient lying on the left side in held expiration.

The more severe the valve disease, the longer the diastolic murmur

Answer 2

MS

Question 3

Ejection systolic murmur

Crescendo-decrescendo murmur

Answer 3

AS

Question 4

Systolic – pansystolic at the apex radiating to the axilla.

In chronic valve disease, the intensity does not correlate with severity.

Answer 4

MR

Question 5

Pansystolic murmur heard at left lower sternal edge, not heard at apex.

Answer 5

Tricuspid regurgitation.

Question 6

Explain mnemonic PASS

Answer 6

Pulmonary and aortic stenosis are systolic

Mitral and tricuspid are opposite

Question 7

Explain mnemonic PARD

Answer 7

Pulmonary and aortic regurgitation are diastolic

Mitral and tricuspid are opposite.