Murders, riots and rebellions, 1919-1923 Flashcards
What uprisings occurred against the Weimar government from 1919-1923?
- the Kapp Putsch
- Red Rising in the Ruhr
- the Munich Putsch
- the Spartacist Uprising
When was the Kapp Putsch?
March 1920
What was the aim of the Kapp Putsch?
- lead by Kapp who wanted to take over the country
- wanted to recover land lost in the ToV
What happened during the Kapp Putsch?
- Kapp gathering around 5000 men
- these were mainly Freikorps who were mostly comprised of police and ex-soldiers
- they took over Berlin
How did the Kapp Putsch end?
- Ebert and the government fled Berlin
- Kapp didn’t have the worker’s support and they went on strike
- Kapp fled abroad
- Ebert and his government returned to Berlin
When was the Red Rising in the Ruhr ?
March 1920, following the Kapp Putsch
Was the Kapp Putsch left or right-wing?
right
Was the Red Rising left or right-wing?
left
What happened during the Red Rising?
- workers in the Ruhr stayed on strike after the Kapp Putsch
- they took over several towns
What did the Red Rising aim to do?
overthrow the government
How did the Red Rising end?
- the government sent some Freikorps units to deal with the rebellion
- over 1000 workers were killed
Was the Spartacist Uprising left or right-wing?
left
When was the Spartacist Uprising?
January 1919
What happened during the Spartacist Uprising?
- a group of Communits known as Spartacists seized power in Berlin
- they took to the streets to protest
How did the Spartacist uprising end?
- the governments sent in the Freikorps
- after 3 days of brutal street fighting, the Freikorps recaptured buildings
- the leaders were arrested and killed by the Freikorps
What was the aim of the Spartacist uprising?
Wanted Germany to be run by small councils of soldiers and workers
Whom were most of the assassinations between 1919-1922 carried out by?
right-wing extremists
Give three examples of assassinations carried out between 1919-1922.
Matthias Erzberger
- shot dead
- signed the armistice
Foreign Minister Walter Rathenau
Phillip Schneidemann
- had acid thrown on him
- an important politician
What was the motivation behind many of these assassinations?
Right-wing groups who wanted to eliminate those who were responsible for the ToV
Was the Munich Putsch a left or right-wing rebellion? Who was it carried out by?
right-wing, Hitler and the Nazis
When was the Munich Putsch?
November 1923, during hyperinflation crisis
What was Hitler’s aim in the Munich Putsch?
- sieze control of the Bavarian government
- promised to overturn the ToV and destroy communism
- promised to restore Germany’s national glory
What happend at the beer hall in Munich during the Munich Putsch
- Hitlerplanned to capture Munich and march on Berlin
- key Bavarian politicians at a Munich beer hall refused to support his plan
- Hitler pressed on with his plans nevertheless
What happened during the Munich Putsch?
- Hitler and about 2000 supporters marched through Munich
- they were met by armed police
How many people died during the Munich Putsch?
- 3 policemen
- 16 Nazis
What was the end result of the Munich Putsch?
Hitler and Ludendorff were arrested
What was the impact of the Munich Putsch for the Nazis?
- Hitlers trial was printed in newspapers all over Germany
- he used the trial as an opportunity to criticise the government and get his opinions heard
- he was released after serving just 9 months as the judges sympathised with him and are very lenient
