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AQA History: Germany > Control in Nazi Germany > Flashcards

Control in Nazi Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a ‘police state’?

A

a country where the police and other other organisations linked to the police (such as courts) are very powerful and act on behalf of the government

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2
Q

Who was Himmler?

A
  • the Head of the SS
  • a loyal Nazi who personally reported to Hitler, whom he had known since 1923
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3
Q

How did the regular police and law courts enforce the Nazi police state?

A
  • ordinary police continues their work but ignored crimes committed by Nazis
  • top jobs in the ordinary police went to Nazis
  • law courts and judges were under Nazi control
  • new laws meant the death penalty could be given for telling an anti-Hitler joke, having sex with a Jew or listening to a foreign radio station among other things
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4
Q

What were the Gestapo and what did they do?

A
  • secret police
  • wore no uniform
  • spied on people they thought might be a threat - tapped phone calls and opened mail
  • had the power to arrest, imprison without trial and torture anyone
  • set up a network of ‘informer; who would report anyone who criticise the Nazis
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5
Q

What were children in Nazi Germany encouraged to do?

A

report their parents or teachers if they criticised the Nazis

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6
Q

What were the SS?

A
  • wore black uniforms
  • originally Hitler’s personal bodyguards but over time divided into 3 sections
  • one these sections was responsible for the ‘security’ of Germany (they could arrest anyone for any reason, search homes and sieze property)
  • while others ran the concentration camps and later the death camps
  • and the 3rd sections ere an elite unit in the army
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7
Q

How were concentration camps used by the Nazis to maintain control?

A
  • large prisons where any ‘ enemies of the state’ could be held for any length of time
  • anyone the Nazis didn’t like was sent there - Jews, Gipses, political opponents, anyone who criticised Hitler
  • inmates were forced to work hard and some wee even tortured or worked to death
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8
Q

What 4 elements did the Nazis use to control the country?

A
  • regular police and law courts
  • the Gestapo
  • the SS
  • concentration camps
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9
Q

Who was in charge of Nazi propaganda?

A

Joseph Goebbels

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10
Q

How did Goebbels believe propaganda worked best?

A

if people were repeatedly given the same basic ideas with sort messages and powerful images

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11
Q

What were the 3 key messages that the Nazis spread in their propaganda?

A
  • blaming Jews for Germany’s problems
  • criticising the Treaty of Versailles
  • making Germany great again
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12
Q

Using what 5 methods was propaganda spread throughout Nazi Germany?

A
  • newspapers
  • films
  • books, at the theatre and in music
  • radio
  • in public
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13
Q

How was Nazi propaganda spread in newspapers?

A
  • only showed stories that showed the Nazis doing good things
  • theatre were negative stories about Germany’s ‘enemies’
  • newspapers that didn’t comply were closed down
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14
Q

How as Nazi propaganda spread in film?

A
  • all films had to show the Nazis in a good way and their ‘enemies’ in a bad way
  • Goebbels approved all storylines
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15
Q

How was Nazi propaganda spread in books, at the theatre and in the music?

A
  • writers were forced to write books, plays and songs that praised Hitler and the Nazis
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16
Q

How was Nazi propaganda spread on the radio?

A
  • all radio stations were under Nazi control to broadcast Nazi ideas
  • cheap radios were produced that could only tune in to Nazi-controlled stations
  • loudspeakers were placed in the streets, in factories and cafes to air broadcasts
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17
Q

How did the Nazis spread propaganda in public?

A
  • impressive mass rallies were held to celebrate Hitler’s greatness
  • huge arenas were built where carefully choreographed shows were put on with choirs, bands, speeches, fireworks and air displays. They were designed to shops how well organised the Nazis were
  • posters appeared all over the Germany showing Hitler’s power and the good things the nazis were doing
18
Q

How did the Nazis limit the spread of ideas?

A
  • they introduced strict censorship laws
  • books, films, news art of;es, even jokes were banned if they were viewed as harmful to the Nazis or Hitlers
19
Q

What was the Chamber of Culture?

A
  • led by Goebbels
  • all musicians, writers, artists and actors had to be members
  • anyone who refused would not be allowed to work
  • some people, such as Jews, were banned from joining
20
Q

How did the Chamber of Culture control cinema?

A
  • Nazi supporters owned film studios so tje Nazis had a direct influence on exactly which films were made
  • Goebbels read and approved all film scripts
  • all films had to carry a pro-Nazi message
  • news reports of Nazi achievements were always shown before the main film
21
Q

How did the Chamber of Culture control music?

A
  • official approval was given to traditional marching music, folk songs and classical music by German and AUstrian composers such as Back, Beethoven, Mozart and Wagner
  • some music that was popular in Weimar Germany was not permitted
  • Jewish composers were banned and so was jazz music because of its origins among African Americans
22
Q

How did the Chamber of Culture control theatre?

A
  • the Nazis ruled that plays should mainly focus on German history and politics
23
Q

How did the Chamber of Culture control literature?

A
  • a list for banned books was created
  • ‘Un-German’ books or those by Jewish authors were removed from libraries and book shops
  • Goebbels organised events in which books were gathered and burned
  • Goebbels encouraged books about race, the glory of war and the brilliance of the Nazis
24
Q

How did the Chamber of Culture control art?

A
  • the Nazis wanted art to be clearly understandable to ordinary people
  • it should show healthyheroic German figures and family scenes of happy, strong ‘pure’ Germans
  • Hitler hated modern art and called it ‘degenerate’
25
Q

What did the Nazis do to mock art they didn’t like such as modern art?

A

they put on an exhibition of ‘degenerate’ art to mock it and opened another of official approved paintings

26
Q

What were sports and leisure like under the Nazis?

A
  • health and physical fitness was important to the Nazis
  • the Olympic Games held in Berlin in 1936 were used as a propaganda opportunity
  • the German team came top of the medals table and the Nazis claimed this showed the superiority of the German race
  • during the Games, the anti-semitic posters and newspapers temporarily stopped to give the rest of the world the impression of a more tolerant Germany
27
Q

What four methods of resistance were used to challenge the Nazis in Germany?

A
  • grumbling and moaning
  • passive resistance
  • open opposition
  • assasination attempts
28
Q

What is meant by grumbling or moaning to challenge the Nazis?

A
  • in the privacy of their own homes
  • anti-Nazi jokes
  • complaining about the Nazi regime
29
Q

What examples are there of how passive resistance was used to challenge the Nazis?

A
  • refusal to give the ‘Heil Hitler’ salute
  • refusal to give only to the Hitler Youth members who were collecting fund
30
Q

What were 3 groups who openly opposed the Nazis?

A
  • the Swing Youth
  • the White Rose group
  • Edelweiss Pirates
31
Q

What did the Swing Youth do?

A

declared their dislike of Nazi ideas and policies by:
- listening to jazz music
- having Jewish friends

32
Q

Who led the White Rose group?

A

Brother and sister Hans and Sophie Scholl

33
Q

What did the White Rose group do?

A
  • urged Germans to get rid of Hitler
  • handed out anti-Nazi leaflets
  • put up posters
  • wrote graffiti on walls
34
Q

Who were the Edelweiss Pirates and what did they do?

A
  • youth group
  • beat up Nazi officials
  • helped army deserters
35
Q

How did the Catholic Church challenge the Nazis in 1941?

A

spoke out against the killing of physically and mentally disabled people

36
Q

How many attempts were made on Hitler’s life?

A

50 - some by lone individuals and others by organised groups

37
Q

Who were Kreisau Circle and what did they do?

A
  • group of army officers, university professors and aristocrats
  • discussed assassinating Hitler
  • didn’t actually do anything
38
Q

What did the Beck-Goerdeler group do?

A
  • contacted British about removing Hitler but no agreement was reached
  • the group tried to kill Hitler in March and November 1943 and was behind the July Bomb Plot of 1944
39
Q

What happened at the July Bomb Plot of 1944?

A

army officer Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg was part of a group that detonated a bomb where Hitler was meeting with other Nazi leader

40
Q

How did the July Bomb Plot end?

A
  • 4 men killed
  • Hitler injured but still alive

AQA History: Germany (11 decks)

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