Mumps Flashcards
Is mumps a nationally notifiable disease?
Yes. Routine - labs, doctors.
What is the organism that causes mumps?
Mumps virus (paramyxovirus)
How is mumps transmitted?
Respiratory droplets, direct saliva contact, prolonged close contact.
What are the clinical features of mumps?
Spectrum:
* Asx
* ILI - fever, malaise, myalgia, arthralgia
* Parotitis
* Respiratory
* Complications: ochitis, oophoritis, SN hearing loss, meningitis, encephalitis, pancreatitis
Which groups are at high-risk for mumps?
- Unvaccinated
- Born 1978-1982 (missed vaccination or not exposed to wild-type)
What are the case definitions of mumps?
- Confirmed - isolation / detection / seroconversion
- Probable - IgM + clinical OR clinical + epi
How is mumps diagnosed?
- PCR from buccal swab (or urine)
- Serology - IgM suggestive (may not be present in vaccinated individuals; may be negative 4d after sx)
- IgG seroconversion diagnostic
VIDRL reference lab.
What is the incubation period for mumps?
16 - 18 days
Range 12-25
What is the infectious period for mumps?
7 days prior to parotitis to 9 days after.
Most infectious 2 days before to 5 days after.
What is the outbreak definition for mumps?
More than expected incidence in community.
2 or more linked cases should be investigated to determine presence of outbreak.
Why is the incidence of mumps much reduced today?
Vaccination programs (MMR).
In what settings do outbreaks of mumps occur?
Small outbreaks in high transmission settings: boarding school, uni residences, prisons, sporting clubs.
Which age group does mumps affect the most?
Adolescents / young adults.
Where have larger outbreaks occurred in Australia?
NT/WA/QLD - mainly Aboriginal communities despite high vaccine coverage.
How is mumps prevented?
Vaccination - NIP: 12 and 18mo
Hand and general hygiene.
Mumps component of MMR generates weaker immune response than others - contributing factor to outbreaks.
What are some resources for the public health management of mumps?
DoH protocol - no SoNG.
CDC has excellent outbreak guidance.
How are cases of mumps managed?
- Call clinician
- Case interview (sx, vax, travel, high-risk settings)
- Droplet precautions / single isolation room
- Education
- Hygiene advice
- Restriction/exclusion
Outline the key points for the exclusion of mumps cases.
- Isolate at home while infectious
- Exclude from school/work/childcare - 5 days after parotitis onset.
Variable guidelines re: exclusion period but most say 5 days.
What are some outbreak management principles for mumps?
- Hygiene/IPC advice
- Active case finding
- Vaccinate if not up to date
- Booster dose for at-risk of mumps (can reduce attack rate)
