Mumbai - Urban Case Study

Question 1

Name 3 reasons why mumbai is globally important:

Answer 1

• Major port on Indian Ocean
• India’s finance centre, a hub of industry and services
• Cultural centre - Bollywood.

Question 2

The population of Mumbai in 1971 was ___ million.

Answer 2

6 million

Question 3

The population of Mumbai in in 2016 was ___ million.

Answer 3

21 million

Question 4

What are the 6 main social and economic issues in Mumbai:

Answer 4

• Poverty in slums
• 1/4 of India’s millionaires live there
• Inequalities in education
• Few opportunities for women
• Lack of access to public healthcare
• Racial discrimination

Question 5

Explain ‘poverty in slums’ as a social and economic issue within Mumbai:

Answer 5

• 50% of the population live in poverty in slums
• Living conditions in the slums are poor, they are cramped and poorly built, often without water and sanitation
• Lack of sewage facilities is a risk to health (disease)

Question 6

Explain ‘1/4 of India’s millionaires live there’ as a social and economic issue within Mumbai:

Answer 6

• The urban rich live close to the CBD, usually in high-rise apartments.
• They have access to shopping centres, restaurants and private hospitals.

Question 7

Explain ‘inequalities in education’ as a social and economic issue within Mumbai:

Answer 7

• Literacy rate is around 60% in the slums, compared to 90% for the city as a whole.
• Literacy rates are lower for women than for men.

Question 8

Explain ‘few opportunities for women’ as a social and economic issue within Mumbai:

Answer 8

• There are few opportunities for women in the slum areas.
• With no qualifications, many women resort to prostitution to earn a living.
• Increases the rates of HIV and STIs among poorer communities.

Question 9

Explain ‘Lack of access to public healthcare’ as a social and economic issue within Mumbai:

Answer 9

• Only 30% of slum residents have access to public healthcare.
• Outbreaks of disease are common, and the infant mortality rate is high.

Question 10

Explain ‘racial discrimination’ as a social and economic issue within Mumbai:

Answer 10

• Influx of African migrants
• Many have experienced racial discrimination e.g. struggle to find jobs and apartments so are forced to live in slums.
• Face racial prejudice, e.g. verbal abuse and at a greater risk of arrest by police.

Question 11

Name the 5 methods to make Mumbai more sustainable:

Answer 11

1) Redevelopment project to clear Dharavi slum and create an independent township
2) Increase water security through compulsory rainwater harvesting systems
3) Upgraded public transport system to improve air quality
4) Clean up Mumbai Campaign to dispose of waste and encourage recycling.
5) Condom promotion campaigns to reduce HIV rates.

Question 12

Why does Mumbai experience rapid urban growth?

Answer 12

Rural to urban migration:
People move from rural areas of India to Mumbai for better job opportunities, healthcare, education.

Question 13

What % of Mumbai’s population live in slums?

Answer 13

60%

Question 13

What is the Dharavi redevelopment project?

Answer 13

• Redevelopment project of the Dharavi slums
• Concert slums into mixed-use residential and commercial space.

Question 14

What are the three main ways in which the Dharavi redevelopment project was successful?

Answer 14

• Improved housing conditions, providing residents with access to clean water and sanitation.
• New infrastructure such as roads, schools and healthcare centres
• Job creation through formal business.

Question 15

What are the three main ways in which the Dharavi redevelopment project was unsuccessful?

Answer 15

• Displacement of informal workers and loss of local businesses.
• Risk of gentrification, making housing unaffordable for current residents.
• Opposition from local communities who value the close-knit social structure in Dharavi.