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Ophthalmology > Multisystem diseases manifestations in ophthalmology > Flashcards

Multisystem diseases manifestations in ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

what can be found in mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy 1

A

microaneurysms

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2
Q

what can be found in moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy 5

A

microaneurysms

blot haemorrhages

hard exudates

cotton wool spots

venous bleeding

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3
Q

what can be found in severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy 3

A

blot haemorrhages + microanueuryssm in 4 quadrants

venous bleeding in 2 quadrants

intraretinal microvascualr abnormalitiy in any quadrant

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4
Q

define intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA)

A

dilated and tortuous capillaries in the retina

act as shunt between arterial and venous vessels in the retina

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5
Q

what is found in proliferative diabetic retinopathy 2

A

neovascularisation

vitreous haemorrhage

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6
Q

what is found in diabetic maculopathy 2

A

macular oedema

ischaemic maculopathy

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7
Q

complications of diabetic retinopathy 5

A

retinal detachment

vitreous haemorrhage (bleeding into vitreous humour)

rebeosis iridis (new blood vessel formation in the iris)

optic neuropathy

cataracts

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8
Q

Mx of diabetic retinopathy 3

A

laser photcoagualtion

anti-vegf

vitreoretinal srugery -in severe disease

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9
Q

complications of hypertension in ophthalmology 3

A

hypertensive retinopathy

choroidopathy

optic neuropathy

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10
Q

what signs are seen in the retina to suggest hypertensive retinoapthy 6

A

cotton wool spots

hard exudates

retinal haemorrhage

papilloedema

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11
Q

cause of silver wiring in retina

A

where the walls of arterioles become thickened and sclarosed causing increased reflection of the light

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12
Q

cause of arteriovenous nipping

A

artieroles cause compression of veins where they cross
-again due to sclerosis and hardening of the arterioles

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13
Q

cause of cotton wool spots

A

-caused by ischaemia and infarction

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14
Q

cause of hard exudates

A

-caused by damaged vessels leaking lipids into retina

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15
Q

cause of retinal haemorrhage

A

-caused by damaged vessels rupturing and releasing blood into the retina

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16
Q

cause of papilloedema

A

-caused by ischaemia and optic nerve
-resulting in optic nerve swelling (oedema) and blurring of the disc margins

17
Q

what classification system is used for hypertenisve retinoapthy

A

Keith-Wagener classification

18
Q

define stage 1 hypertensive retinopathy

A

mild narrowing of the arterioles

19
Q

define stage 2 hypertensive retinopathy

A

focal constrcition of blood vessels and AV nicking

20
Q

define stage 3 hypertensive retinopathy 3

A

cotton wool patches

exudates

flame and blot haemorrages
-may collect around fovea resulting in a ‘macular star’

21
Q

define stage 4 hypertensive retinopathy

A

papilloedema

22
Q

Mx of hypertensive retinopathy

A

focused on controlling blood pressure and other risk-facotrs such as smoking and blood lipid levels

23
Q

HIV manifestations in ophthalmology in early stages 4

A

kaposi sarcoma

herpes zoster ophthalmicus

candidiasis

lymphoma

24
Q

HIV manifestations in ophthalomolgy in late stages 3

A

tuberculosis

toxoplasmosis

pneumocystosis

25
Q

HIV manifestationsin ophthalmology with profoundly low CD4 count 2

A

cytomegalovirus retinitis

mycobacterium-avium complex disease

26
Q

define kaposi sarcoma

A

oppurtunisitic malignancy produced by HHV-8 infectoin

27
Q

ophthalmology manifestations of MS 6

A

optic neuritis
-typically monocular painful vision loss that occurs over hours to days and lasts a few weeks

change in visual acuity

orbital pain -worse on extraocular movement

dimished colour vision

visual field loss

papillitis

28
Q

ocular manifestiations of sarcoidosis 2

A

uveitis
-most commonly bilateral anteior uveitis

choroidal granulomas can lead to visual impariment if centrally located

29
Q

ocular manifestations of TB 8

A

scleritis

phylectenulosis

interstitial keratitis

corneal infiltrates

anterior chamber

iris nodules

granulomatous anterior uveitis

30
Q

ocular manifestations of RA 4

A

dry eye syndrome

episcleritis

scleritis

PUK

31
Q

ocular manifestations of thyroid disease 6

A

mild
-ocular irritation, lid retraction, lid lag

sx of orbital infiltration
-chemosis
-proptosis
-restirciton of ocular motiitli
-corneal exposure
-optic nevre compression

32
Q

ocular manifestations of stroke 3

A

unilateral loss of cision

or dark area or shadow

or loss of visual contrast and light sensitivity

33
Q

ocular manifestiatons of giant cell arteritis 2

A

acute unilateral vision loss

typically secondary to optic nerve ischaemia (AAION)-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

less commonly due to central retinal artery occulsion

Ophthalmology (22 decks)

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