Eye anatomy and visual pathways and examination

Question 1

state the 6 extraocular muscles

Answer 1

superior, inferior, medial and lateral rectus

superior and inferior oblique

Question 2

what nerves inervate the eye and their function 3

Answer 2

CN3- superior, inferior, medial and lateral rectus

CN4- superior oblique

CN6-lateral rectus

Question 3

anatomty of the outereye

Answer 3

eyelid

conjuntiva and sclera

iris

pupil [39]

Question 4

anatomy of inner eye

Answer 4

[40]

Question 5

define the conjuntiva/sclera

Answer 5

white outer coat of the eye

Question 6

define the cornea

Answer 6

clear front window of the eye which transmits and helps focus light

Question 7

define the iris

Answer 7

coloured pat of the eye
-helps control how much of light enters the eye

Question 8

define the pupil

Answer 8

dark centre at middle of iris
-reacts to amount of light available

Question 9

define the lens

Answer 9

focuses light rays onto the retina
-normally transparent

clouding of lens=cataracts

Question 10

define vitreous

Answer 10

clear gel filling central cavity of the eye

Question 11

define the retina

Answer 11

layer of nerve cells lining the back of the eye

-contain photo receptors

Question 12

define the two types of photoreceptors

Answer 12

rods
-function in dimmer light (black and white)

cones
-brigher light, high acuity tasks (reads)
-sees colour

CONES SEE COLOUR

Question 13

function of the retina

Answer 13

light srikres retina
-initates cascade of chemocal and electircal event s

-triggers nerve impulses that are sent to optic nerve

on to visual cortex via visual pathways

Question 14

define the choroid

Answer 14

layer at back of eye between retina and sclera

contains blood vessels

assoc w macular degentation

Question 15

define the macula

Answer 15

located near centre of retina

-responsibole for detailed central vision
-deteriorates with age

assoc w ARMD

Question 16

define the optic nerve

Answer 16

CN2

> 1mil ganglion cells

transmits visual info via visual pathways to visual cortex

Question 17

how does vision work (3 basic steps

Answer 17

optics of eye create image on retina

photoreceptors (rods and cones)
-convert into neural impulses

passed on via optic nerve & visual pathways to visual cortex (occipital lobe)

Question 18

how are central and peripheral vision tests

Answer 18

centra- visual acutiy -snellens or logmar

peripheral-visual fields test - click button light thing

Question 19

overveiw of visual feld defects

Answer 19

[41[

Question 20

what visual feild defect do you get with an optic chiasm tumour

Answer 20

bitemporal hemianopia

Question 21

what visual field defect do you get with an occipital cortex lesion

Answer 21

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

Question 22

aspects of an ophthalmology h exam 6

Answer 22

Basic Eye Exam
Visual acuity
Pupils
Visual Fields
Eye Movements

External Eye/Slit lamp

Ophthalmoscopy

Question 23

aspects of an ophthalmology history 8

Answer 23

PC

HPC

past ocular history

past medical history

drug history

family history

social history

systemic enquiry

Question 24

red flag ocular syx 7

Answer 24

floaters/flashing lights

haloes

headaches
-temporal
-jaw claudication
-worse with bending

repeated transient visual loss

Question 25

aspects of past occular hisotry 6

Answer 25

what is ptx normal vision

similar syx before

other eye conditions

previous eye operations
-cataracts
-corneal graft
-glaucoma surgery

Question 26

ocular motility disorders 6

Answer 26

neurolgocaial
-microvacular iscchaemia (HTN,DM)
-aneurysm
-CVA
-raised ICP

NMJ
-MG

Mechanical
-thyroid eye disease
-orbital fracture

Question 27

what gives the blood supply to the eye and where does it branch from

Answer 27

first branch of the internal carotid
-gives rise to the ophthalmic artery
-this comes of just before reaching the circle of willis

ophthalmic artery then gives off a branch for the central retinal artery

Question 28

other arteries involved in the eye

Answer 28

[43]

Question 29

anatomy of the neuronal pathways for the pupils

Answer 29

[44]

Question 30

aspects of a visual loss history 8

Answer 30

Pain

Duration

 Degree of vision loss

 Permanent or transient - periodicity

 Central or peripheral loss

 Progression – getting better or worse

 One or both eyes

 Associated symptoms (flashes and floaters, pain, redness)