Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards

1
Q

Who is most susceptible to MS?

A

Femals in their late 20’s

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2
Q

What is the first symptom (that normally makes people see a doctor)?

A

Optic neuritis that leads to loss of vision

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3
Q

What does EAE stand for and how is it induced?

A

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

induced by injecting myelin basic protein (MBP) or other specific CNS components plus Freund’s adjuvant (honey)

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4
Q

What are the current treatments for MS?

A
  • Interferon alpha and beta –> neutralising antobodies (NAbs)
  • Glatiramer acetate –> molecular decoy ?
  • monoclonal antibodies
    • Natilizumab
    • Alemtuzumab
  • -> NAbs
  • oral medications
    • Fingolimod
    • teriflunomid
    • dimethyl fumarate
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4
Q

Whats the effect of fingolimod?

(from paper)

A

It acts as a sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor modulator, leading to immunomodulatory effects

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5
Q

What is the effect of interferon beta?

(from paper)

A

It reduces leukocyte trafficking into the CNS

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6
Q

How does natalizumab attenuate EAE?

(from paper)

A

It prevents leukocyte adhesion onto the inflamed brain endothelium

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8
Q

How do you diagnose MS / what symptoms do you “measure”?

A
  • number of relapses
  • MRI (look for lesions)
  • Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
  • Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC)
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9
Q

EAE was a key component in the developing of three MS durgs. Which are these?

(from paper)

A
  • glatiramer acetate
  • mitoxantrone
  • natalizumab
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10
Q

Name four different MS animal models.

(from paper)

A
  • lysolecithin model (may be an excellent model to to test remyelinating agents that alter oligos)
  • EAE model (good to test impact of anti-inflammatory agents)
  • cupriuone model (may be useful to examine strategies that recover mitochondrial function)
  • TMEV model (virally induced disease; demyelination is due to a secondary immune response)
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