Multiple Sclerosis Flashcards
What is a mutliple sclerosis
Auto immune disease of the CNS, it is demyelination and inflammation and neudegeneration
What are the main symptoms of multiple sclerosis
Sensory and visual disturbance Motor impairment Bladder and bowel problems Faigue Pain Cognitive impairment
What are the non specific but characteristic features of ms
Lhermittes symptoms (electrical sensation running down the spine on neck flexion) Uhtoffs phenemonen (transient disturbance of function with increase in body temperature)
What are the types of multiple sclerosis
Relapsing remitting MS
Secondary progressive
Primary progressive
What is relapsin remitting MS
There are episodes where the is stability then symptoms appear again
What is secondary progessive
When relapsin remitting causes progression
What is primary progressive MS
MS disease is progressive from onset of disease
What are the typical sites in the brain for lesion in MS
Peri ventricular
Juxta cortical lesions
Posterioir fossa lesion
Lesions in the spinal cord
What investigations can be carried out in MS
Visula evoked potential Somatosensory evoked potential Lumbar puncture Optical coherence tomography Biomarkers e.g light chains Other bloods
What can the lumbar puncture show in the CSF in MS
Oligoclonal bands
What is the diagnostic criteria for MS
MRI to show lesions in certain areas
Lumbar puncture
What is the early feature of MS
Inflammation and demyelination that leads to relapses
What are the late features in MS
Atrophy
Axonal loss
These lead to progressive disability
Which immune cell plays a role in ms
T cells
What are the causes of MS
Genetic: HLA drb1 1501 on chromosome 6
Enviromental: ultra violet radiation acting via vitamin d, viral e.g ebv, smoking, timing of birth and birth order
