Multiple Dwellings Flashcards
A partition provided for the purpose of protecting life by furnishing an area of exit, or refuge, and having a fire resistive rating of at least threehours as per the 1938 Building Code.
Fire partition
A fire-rated, smoke tight wall having protected openings designed to restrict the spread of fire from one structure to another, or from one area of a structure to another. It extends continuously from the foundation to, or through, the roof with sufficient structural stability to withstand the collapse of construction on either side of it.
Fire Wall
Fire Wall ratings for 1968 BC are rated at 4 hours
2008 BC are rated at 2 or 3 hours depending on occupancy.
NEW LAW TENEMENTS
BUILT ON OR AFTER 4/12/1901 AND BEFORE 1916.
Generally six or seven stories high.
35’ to 50’ wide.
85’ in depth.
Five to six apartments per floor.
The first floor (cellar ceiling) is of fireproof construction and unpierced.
The entrance to the cellar is by way of exterior stairs.
NEW LAW TENEMENTS
BUILT BETWEEN 1916 AND 1929
much larger floor area, e.g. 150’ x 200’.
To avoid being required to be built of fireproof construction, the floor areas were broken up into areas of 2,500 square feet or less. This means that between some apartments there are brick or fireproof partitions which effectively limit thehorizontal spread of fire. However, these dividing walls only go as high as the ceiling of the top floor. This results in a very large undivided cockloft area.
NFP MULTIPLE DWELLINGS
BUILT ON OR AFTER 4/18/1929
known as “Apartment Houses.”
Between 1930 and 1940, firewalls were required to be carried to the underside of the roof boards, and after 1940, to the top of the roof boards. These changes were designed to effectively reduce the size of the cockloft and limit fire spread.
The size of the area to be enclosed by fire walls is 3,000 square feet.
MD-General Ops
The first line is stretched via the interior stairs to the location of the fire. The purpose of this line is to protect the primary means of egress for occupants evacuating the building and to confine and extinguish the fire.
An exception to stretching the first line up the interior stairs may be made when flame is issuing from windows opening onto the fire escape and endangering people trying to come down the fire escape. In this case, the first line may be operated from the street to protect people on the fire escape.
Who chocks the front door?
First member entering the building
Hoselines should not be operated into ventilation holes from the roof as thisdecreases ventilation and nullifies the action of lines operating on the top floor. A roof line should be used only to:
- prevent fire from extending past the trench,
- to protect exposures,
- or to extinguish fire that cannot be reached from below, such as fire in a cornice.
For a fire in an Old Law or New Law Tenement, fire on two floors.
If progress is not made on at least one floor in a short period of time,
special call an extra engine and truck
transmit a 2nd alarm.
If fire is in a shaft extending into an exposure,
transmit a 2nd alarm.
If fire is extending into two exposures,
transmit a 3rd alarm.
Who must make known to the IC and other members the manner in which the floors and apartments are designated, i.e., whether numerically or alphabetically? Apartment 2E could be on the second floor or on the fifth floor.
The first officer inside the fire building
Some of theations which may call for the use of outside streams are:
To protect life by putting a stream between the fire and the occupants.
To protect exposures.
To confine the fire.
To diminish heavy fire so that an interior attack can be made.
Old Law Tenement
If people are out on the fire escape when the first engine company arrives, and it appears that those people are in danger because of fire coming out the windows,then two lines should be stretched.
One line will remain in the street to protect the people on the fire escape and the other line will be taken into the building.
OLT
Cellar Fire
The first line should be stretched to the cellar entrance door which is located inside the building, under the interior stairway on the first floor.
This 1st line should not be advanced down the cellar stairs if there is an outside entrance to the cellar at the front or rear of the building, unless the fire is minor.
The second hoseline stretched should be advanced into the cellar by way of thefront or rear entrance to the cellar.
Pipe Recesses
If the pipe is hot to the touch, a top floor examination is required and notification made to ________________________
officer and the IC.
If the fire is showing out windows in the throat, courtyard and front windows, and a tower ladder stream is being used, it should be directed at the windows in the ______ first.
throat
The stream should then be advanced toward the front of the building and finally operated into the front windows.
The primary means of getting to the roof would be
winged or isolated stairways in the same building or any stairway in an adjoining building, if feasible.
The officer who arrives first on the fire floor shall transmit the followinginformation to the Incident Commander:
LODANCE
Location of the fire apartment: (Wing, Floor, Apartment No.)
Number of apartments on the floor of the fire wing.
Fire conditions: (Fire out in public hall, heavy smoke condition)
Access: Location of stairway in fire wing closest to fire apartment. Report if it is possible to go from one wing to another above the firstfloor. (Transverse, wing or isolated stairs)
Fire extension: Whether fire is extending and how it is extending.Need and location for additional lines. (Fire floor or floor above adjacent apartment). Give reasons.
Difficulties or delays in gaining entrance to the fire apartment or in advancing the line. Give reasons.
Occupants: If occupants have been located and are accounted for. (This information may be obtained from one of the occupants or from a neighbor).
The trench should be cut about __________ from the initial vent hole.
20 feet
A charged line should be in position on the roof to protect personnel and the trench opening. This line may be operated into the trench in a brief,sweeping, side to side motion to prevent fire from extending across the opening. Such operations should only be conducted after adequate precautions are taken to prevent injury to interior operating forces.
Some cocklofts are as much as four feet deep.
HIGH RISE FIREPROOF MULTIPLE DWELLING FIRES
(75’ or more in height)
The stack effect is influenced by:
- the height of the building,
- temperature differential between outside and inside temperatures, - air leakage to other floors,
- and the wind.
HIGH RISE FIREPROOF MULTIPLE DWELLING FIRES
(75’ or more in height)
An IC should confirm that all HVAC systems are ______________ prior to commencing any fire operations.
shut down
HIGH RISE FIREPROOF MULTIPLE DWELLING FIRES
(75’ or more in height)
The doors to elevator machinery rooms at the roof level should not be used for ventilation purposes until
the fire is under control.
HIGH RISE FIREPROOF MULTIPLE DWELLING FIRES
(75’ or more in height)
The first to arrive OV firefighter shall first complete an outside survey of the fire building. If no outside operations are indicated and the building has Fireman Service elevators, the OV firefighter will:
x Report to the lobby
x Place an elevator car in Fireman Service Phase II
If the OV firefighter is involved in an outside operation and the fire is above the seventh floor, the elevator cars will be operated by a member from second truck and/or other members designated by the IC. The IC must ensure that, if available, at least 2 elevators will be driven in “Fireman Service Phase II” by firefighters for the duration of the operation.
HIGH RISE FIREPROOF MULTIPLE DWELLING FIRES
(75’ or more in height)
It is not usually necessary to force apartment doors on the fire floor other than the fire apartment door. A heavy smoke condition in the hallway indicates that the door to the fire apartment most likely has been left open.
When the main body of fire has been controlled, adjoining apartments can be forced for reasons such as
- high carbon monoxide readings or
- severe smoke conditions in the public hallway.
HIGH RISE FIREPROOF MULTIPLE DWELLING FIRES
(75’ or more in height)
Generally, the only apartment requiring access on the floor above is the apartment directly above the fire apartment. No other doors should be forced without sufficient reasons, e.g.,
- high carbon monoxide readings at the end of a hall,
- specific reports of persons needing assistance,
- concentrated smoke conditions due to stack effect on a particular floor.