Multiple Choice Wtudy Guide Civil Rights Flashcards
What are Civil Rights?
Protections from discrimination based on race.
What is the Americans with Disabilities Act?
No discrimination in employment based on a disability.
It was issued in 1990.
What was the Emancipation Proclamation and when did it occur?
It was issued by President Lincoln in 1863 and it freed slaves in states that had rebelled against the Union.
What were black codes?
Laws enacted right after the Civil War by former slave states to restrict the freedom of black citizens.
What were Jim Crow laws?
Laws enforcing segregation in the South that came into play after Plessy v. Ferguson.
Describe ways black citizens were denied the right to vote.
Literacy tests and violence.
What was legal segregation?
Separation by law of individuals based on race.
Same as de jure segregation.
What was de jure segregation?
Segregation that is enforced by law.
What was de facto segregation?
Segregation based on patterns that occurred without legal enforcement.
What is affirmative action?
Affirmative action refers to acts aimed at expanding opportunities for women and minority groups to overcome the effects of discrimination.
What do proponents of affirmative action believe?
Proponents believe it is necessary to make up for the consequences of past discrimination to achieve greater equality and diversity.
What do opponents of affirmative action believe?
Opponents believe it constitutes reverse discrimination.
How did the Supreme Court rule regarding affirmative action in the case of Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke?
The Supreme Court ruled that racial quotas are unconstitutional.
How did the Supreme Court rule regarding affirmative action in the case of Regents of the University of Michigan vs. Gratz?
The Supreme Court ruled that the undergraduate admissions policy was unconstitutional but upheld the graduate schools’ admission policy.
What is a social movement?
A social movement is a large group of citizens organizing for political change.
What is civil disobedience?
Civil disobedience is the non-violent, intentional breaking of laws that individuals consider unjust.
Why was Rosa Parks arrested in 1955?
Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a segregated bus.
What occurred to the segregation of the Montgomery bus system in the 1950s?
The boycott lasted over a year until the court ruled that the segregation on the bus was unconstitutional.
What was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference?
Organization devoted to challenging racial segregation and advocating for civil rights.
What methods did Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. use to challenge unjust laws?
Largely civil disobedience.
He faced violence, imprisonment, and threats.
List several methods of civil disobedience in the South in the 1950s and 1960s.
Boycotts, Freedom Riders, Sit-ins, Refusing to sit in a different section.
What occurred in the 1960s as part of the women’s rights movement?
A wave of the women’s rights movement.
What was the book ‘The Feminine Mystique’ about and who wrote it?
‘The Feminine Mystique’ was about many women not being happy being housewives.
It was written by Betty Friedan.
What is NOW?
National Organization for Women.
Fought for equal rights for women and to end discrimination.
What is the Equal Rights Amendment?
Equality of rights shall not be denied by the U.S. or any state based on sex.
What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?
Banned slavery in the United States.
What are the four parts of the 14th Amendment?
- U.S. citizenship for anyone born in the U.S.
- Due process of law
- No state can deny someone the privileges and immunities of the U.S.
- Equal protection of the laws.
What does the 15th Amendment state?
No one can be denied the right to vote based on race or being a previous slave.
What did the 19th Amendment achieve?
Gave women the right to vote.
What is the significance of the 24th Amendment?
Banned poll taxes for all federal elections.
What change did the 26th Amendment make?
Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18.
What was the outcome of Dred Scott vs. Sanford?
Slaves could not become citizens of the United States.
What was established in Plessy vs. Ferguson?
Legalized segregation under the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’.
What was the ruling in Brown vs. Board of Education?
Legal segregation in public schools was declared illegal under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment.
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibit?
It prohibited employment discrimination based on race or sex and outlawed segregation in all businesses and public places.
What was the impact of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
It had a significant impact on voting by Black Americans and outlawed literacy tests.
What does Title IX (9)of the Educational Amendments of 1972 prohibit?
It prohibits sex discrimination in education and provides a list of sports programs for girls.
Who were some of the main leaders of the women’s suffrage movement?
Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Sojourner Truth.
What was the focus of the first wave of the women’s rights movement?
The first wave was focused on getting the right to vote.
What was the focus of the second wave of the women’s rights movement?
The second wave focused on equality in employment.
What was the NAACP?
The NAACP was a group that pushed for equal facilities for Black citizens and argued that segregation was unconstitutional.
