chapter 12 test Flashcards
What is Libertarianism
-an ideology favoring very little government regulation beyond protecting private property and individual liberty
What is liberalism
-an ideology favoring less government control over social behavior and more greater regulation of businesses and economy
what is conservatism
-ideology favoring more control of social behavior , fewer regulations of businesses and less government interference in the economy
what is party identification
-an individuals attachment to a political party
what is a political ideology
-a set of beliefs about the desired goals and outcomes of a process of governance
What are some viewpoints of democrats
-liberty of privacy
-order in gun regulation
-protect liberties of the accused
-pro-choice
-higher taxes for businesses and wealthy
what is the difference between a right and a privledge
-a right is something guaranteed that the gov cannot take away
-a privilege is something someone can receive that CAN be taken away by the gov
what are some viewpoints of republicans?
-liberty in the marketplace
-order in immigration
-stronger punishment for offenders
-pro-life
- tax cuts for businesses
what is laissez-faire economic policy?
-economic policy where the government has very little involvement
What is a command-and-control economy?
-economic policy where the government dictates much of the nations economic activity
what is a mixed economy
-economic policy where it is mixed control between individuals(businesses) and government control of the economy
what is Gross Domestic Product?
-the total value of goods and services produced by an economy
What is the unemployment rate?
-the percentage of people actively looking for work who cannot find jobs
What is inflation
-the rise in the prices of goods and services
What is Keynesian economic theory
-liberal economic policy, beliefs to boost economy by increase government spending
What is supply-side theory
-conservative economic policy belief to lower taxes on individuals and buisnesses
What is fiscal policy
-governemnt use of taxes and spending to attempt to lower unemployment , support economic growth and stabilize the economy
What do republicans generally support regarding the economy
-tend to support budgets with higher military spending, but otherwise, lower government spending and lower taxes
What do democrats generally support regarding the economy
-budget increasing spending on programs meant to target inequity
-increase taxes on wealthy
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What is Monetary policy?
- actions by the Federal reserve using interest rates and money supply to effect the economy
What can too large of the money supply lead to?
-that can lead to inflation
What is the Federal Reserve System?
-the part of our federal bureaucracy that controls our monetary policy
What is the difference between Medicare and Medicaid?
Medicare is health insurance for the elderly and disabled
Medicaid is a federal program that provides healthcare for the poor
WHat is the Great Society
-social insurance programs created by Lyndon Johnson
What makes up the largest portion of the Federal budget?
-social security and Medicare
Which country has the highest health care costs in the world?
-the U.S
What is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act?
-it gave more Americans access to healthcare coverage
What do Liberals generally believe regarding healthcare
-healthcare should be widely available and that affordable healthcare is a human right
what do conservatives generally believe regarding healthcare
-people should be responsible for their own decisions and not be forced by the government
what are vouchers
-payment from the state that pays for part of a child’s private school tuition
What do opponents of vouchers believe?
-it drains much needed money from public schools
What do proponents of vouchers believe
-they believe that it allows families more choice and that they can use that money for private school tuition
what is a political party?
-organized group of party leaders , officeholders, and votes who work together to elect candidates to political office
what are the roles that political parties have as organizations
-unite people who share goals
what is party identification?
-the degree to which a voter is connected to and influence by a particular political party
what is straight-ticket voting
-voting for all candidates on the ballot from one political party
what is split-ticket voting
-voting for candidates of different political parties on the same ballot
what is a party platform
-set of positions and policy objectives that members of a political party agree to
where is a party platform voted on
-At the national convention
what are the responsibilities of the party leadership chair
-rasing money for the party
-serving as a spokesman for the party
what is recruitment
-process through which political parties identify potential candidates
How do political parties assist during a political campaign
-they help handle the cost and burden of a campaign
What is a party coalition?
groups of voters who support a political party over time
What is realignment
when groups of people who support a political party shift their allegiance to a different political party
What is a critical election?
-major national election that signals a change in the balance of power between two parties
What is the party era
-time period when one party wins most national elections
What is the era of divided government
-a trend since 1969, where one party controls one of both houses of Congress and the president is from the opposing party
What is polarization? How is it occurring now?
-people tend to vote on party lines and it is very hard to get compromise
-it is getting more polarized than previously
What is nomination for office by a political party?
-the formal process through which parties choose their candidates for office
Who are delegates
-people who act as the voters representative at a convention to select the party’s nominee
What are primary elections?
an election in which voters choose delegates who support a presidential candidate for nomination or an election by plurality vote to select a party’s nominee for a seat in congress
What are open primaries?
-only those who have registered as a member of a political party may vote
What are closed primaries?
-only those who have registered as a member of a political party may vote
What is a caucus
-a meeting that is another process
What are the differences between primaries and caucuses?
-primary elections are secret ballot(you go and vote)
-caucuses is very well known who you are supporting (its in a meeting)
What are superdelegates?
-it gives party elite special representation at the convention
What is front loading?
-a decision by a state to push its primary or caucus date to as early as possible to gain more influence in the presidential nomination process
What is a national convention?
-a meeting where delegates officially select their party’s nominee for the presidency
What is a candidate centered campaign?
-trend where candidates develop their own strategies and raise money with less influence from the party elite
What is a two-party system? Where are two-party systems most likely to be dominant?
-system where two political parties dominate politics, winning almost all elections
What is a proportional representation system? What does this often result in?
-an electrical system for a legislature in which citizens vote for parties, rather than individuals and parties are represented in the legislature according to the percentage of the vote they recieve
What roles do third parties have?
-new ideas
-spoiler effect
Why are third parties rarely successful?
-single member districts, narrow focus, lack of money and attention
What is a recession?
-a decrease in GDP for at least 2 consecutive quarters
What is the difference between a majority and a plurality?
-majority=more than half
-plurality =most votes but less than half
