Multiple Choice Questions Flashcards
What about positive feedback is true?
A. The response adds to the initial stimulus
B. It is the most common form of feedback
C. Clot of formation is an example of positive feedback
D. A and B
E. A and C
F. B and C
G. All of the above
E. A and C
What is true about alveolar epithelial cells?
A. Type I cells secrete surfactant
B. Type II cells are flat for gas exchange
C. Both of the above are true
D. Neither of the above are true
D. Neither of the above are true
Intrapleural pressure is defined as the hydrostatic pressure of the intrapleural fluid
A. True
B. False
B. False
The steps of inhalation do NOT include:
A. Contraction of the diaphragm
B. A decrease in transpulmonary pressure
C. The expansion of the lungs
D. Alveolar pressure becomes subatmospheric
B. A decrease in transpulmonary pressure
What about elastic recoil is FALSE:
A. If transpulmonary pressure is greater than recoil, lung expands
B. As the lung expands, recoil decreases
C. The lung is at equilibrium of transpulmonary pressure is equal to recoil
D. All of the above are false
E. All of the above are true
B. As the lung expands, recoil decreases.
We change transpulmonary pressure by changing atmospheric pressure
A. True
B. False
B. False
What directly determines lung compliance?
A. The stretchability of the lung tissue
B. Surface tension at the air-water interface
C. Transpulmonary pressure
D. A and B
E. A and C
F. B and C
E. A and C.
What about surfactant is true?
A. It strengthens the bonds between water molecules
B. It reduces alveolar surface tension
C. It decreases the work of breathing
D. It is secreted by type I alveolar cells
E. A and B
F. B and C
G. B and D
H. All of the above are true
F. B and C
What is the most important factor that airway resistance is dependant upon?
A. Tube length
B. Interactions between gas molecules
C. Airway radius
D. Amount of surfactant secreted
C. Airway radius
If someone has a tidal volume of 550 ml/breath and a respiratory rate of 15 breaths per
minute, what is their minute ventilation?
A. 6.60 L/min
B. 7.25 L/min
C. 8.25 L/min
D. 9.00 L/min
C. 8.25 L/min
Approximately how much air is in the respiratory dead space?
A. 100 mL
B. 150 mL
C. 300 mL
D. 350 mL
B. 150 mL
If the atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg, and the air is made up of 30% oxygen,
what is the partial pressure of oxygen?
A. 125 mmHg
B. 228 mmHg
C. 320 mmHg
D. 450 mmHg
B. 228 mmHg
What factors cause the Hb kinetics curve to shift to the right?
A. An increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide
B. A decrease in acidity
C. A decrease in temperature
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
30% of carbon dioxide is dissolved in plasma
A. True
B. False
B. False
As oxygen binds to Hb, Hb’s affinity for oxygen decreases
A. True
B. False
B. False
Where does gas exchange occur?
A. alveolar ducts and sacs
B. alveolar sacs
C. respiratory bronchioles
D. All of the above
B. Alveolar sacs
During hyperpnea which of the following occurs?
A. increase in ventilation, decrease in carbon dioxide
B. increase in ventilation matches carbon dioxide
C. ventilation is greater than carbon dioxide production
D. ventilation is less than carbon dioxide production
C. ventilation is greater than carbon dioxide production
What is the most important factor that affects oxygen carrying capacity at altitude?
A. the fraction of oxygen in the atmosphere
B. the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere
C. the solubility coefficient of oxygen
D. a and c
E. all of the above
B. The partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere
The lung stops expanding during inspiration because
A. alveolar pressure is greater than intrapleural pressure
B. intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure
C. Transpulonary is less than recoil
D. Transpulmonary pressure is equal to recoil
B. Intrapleural pressure is greater than alveolar pressure
Which of the following is true about hemoglobin
A. When tissues are high in CO2 hemoglobin initiates a response to increase O2 via ventilation.
B. hemoglobin increases its affinity to oxygen in order to support high increases in CO2
C. Hemoglobin has 4 heme groups and 4 globin subunits
D. a and c
E. b and c
D. a and c
Identify the correct order of how a coordinated response occur?
A. stimuli -> Sensor -> effector -> integrating center -> response
B. stimuli -> Sensor -> integrating center -> response -> effector
C. stimuli -> Sensor -> integrating center -> effector -> response
D. Stimuli -> sensor -> response -> integrating center -> effector
C. Stimuli -> Sensor -> Integrating center -> Effector -> Response
Identify the incorrect statement about peripheral chemoreceptors
A. peripheral chemoreceptors respond to changes in CO2
B. peripheral chemoreceptors respond directly to changes in CO2
C. H+ has the highest hierarchy of respiratory control in peripheral chemoreceptors
D. The response of peripheral chemoreceptors depends on both hierarchy and the
relative magnitude of change
B. Peripheral chemoreceptors respond directly to changes in CO2
The bicarbonate equilibrium reaction is important because:
A. it provides a gradient to remove CO2 out of the cell.
B. contributes to 60% of carbon dioxide transport
C. It allows hydrogen to be converted into carbon dioxide at the level of the alveoli
D. B and C
E. all of the above
D. B and C
During exercise…
A. the neural (fast) response is instigated by the motor cortex
B. The humeral response will depend on your exercise intensity
C. rapid decrease in ventilation takes about 2 to 3 minutes.
D. the lungs are often a limiting factor to reducing carbon dioxide and hydrogen levels.
E. a and b
F. a b and c
G. a b and d
H. all of the above
E. a and b
which of the following would be a short term adaptation to altitude?
A. increase in ventilation
B. increase capillary density
C. adrenal medulla in the kidney senses a decrease in oxygen delivery: excretion occurs to increase oxygen carrying capacity
D. a and c
A. increase in ventilation
Which of the following is correct
A. leukotrienes reduce the inflammation of the airways
B. transpulmonary pressure is a physical factor that increases airway resistance
C. vasoactive peptides constrict the airway
D. both emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis affects the elastic connective tissue of the alveoli therefore increasing airway resistance
E. b and d
F. a b and d
G. all of the above
E. b and d
Which of the following represents an inability for tissues to utilize oxygen?
A. anemic hypoxia
B. hypoxic hypoxia
C. ischemic hypoxia
D. histotoxic hypoxia
D. histotoxic hypoxia
On the oxygen equilibrium curve, a rightward shift would:
A. Increase O2 loading of haemoglobin in the lungs
B. Increase O2 unloading of haemoglobin in the tissues
C. Decrease O2 loading
D. Decrease the number of CO2 molecules on haemoglobin
B. Increase O2 unloading of hemoglobin in the tissues
What factors in combination would increase haemoglobin affinity for oxygen?
A. Increase in pH
B. Decrease in temperature
C. Increase in temperature
D. Decrease in pH
E. Both a and b
E. Both a and b
Which statement most accurately describes the Haldane Effect?
A. binding of O2 and CO2 in hemoglobin are not related
B. With O2 release from hemoglobin, this increases the affinity of hemoglobin for CO2
C. more CO2 is in deoxygenated blood than oxygenated blood
B. With O2 release from hemoglobin, this increases the affinity of hemoglobin for CO2
The driving force of lung expansion is causes by the difference in which two pressures?
A. Pulmonary pressure, atmospheric pressure
B. Intrapleural pressure, interpleural pressure
C. Intrapleural pressure, intra-alveolar pressure
C. Intrapleural pressure, intra-alveolar pressure
Which difference in two pressures leads to air movement in and out of the lungs?
A. Intrapleural pressure, interpleural pressure
B. Pulmonary pressure, atmospheric pressure
C. Atmospheric pressure; intra-alveolar pressure
D. Intrapleural pressure; intra-alveolar pressure
B. Pulmonary pressure, atmospheric pressure
What is Transpulmonary pressure?
A. is the driving force for air movement into and out of lungs
B. is not the driving force for lung expansion.
C. none of the above
A. The driving force for air movement into and out of lungs
Which of these factors will decrease airway resistance?
A. Decrease airway radius
B. Increase airway radius
C. Asthma
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
B. Increase airway radius
What is Pulmonary surfactant?
A. Removes all water from the lungs.
B. Smaller quantities in larger, compared to smaller alveoli.
C. is important for tension in the lungs.
D. Blocks bonding in the air-alveolar region.
C. is important for tension in the lungs
Which of the following leads to arteriolar vasodilation?
A. Decrease in O2
B. Decrease in CO2,
C. Increase in K+
D. Decrease in K+
E. a and c
F. a and d
E. a and c
Which of the following decreases does not show on restrictive lung disease?
A. IRV
B. Residual volume
C. ERV
B. Residual volume
Pneumothorax is an obstructive lung disease.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Obstructive lung diseases cause reduction in the air flow rate.
A. True
B. False
A. True
Emphysema is a restrictive lung disease.
A. True
B. False
B. False