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KINE 3012 > Lab Questions > Flashcards

Lab Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Law of Mass Action?

A

If the concentration on one side of a reversible rxn increases, the reaction is driven towards the opposite side

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2
Q

What is the principal factor determining the extent of Hb saturation?

A

PaO2

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3
Q

What does Beer’s Law state?

A

Concentration of a substance in solution is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed by the solution

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4
Q

What is the formula for the proportion method which involves absorbance and concentration?

A

Concentration of known/absorbance of known = concentration of unknown/Absorbance of unknown

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5
Q

What is Drabkin’s reagent?

A

Drabkin’s reagent is a solution where we dissolve our blood in, and contains potassium cyanide & potassium ferricyanide.

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6
Q

The proportion of Hb that is bound to O2 is referred to as what?

A

Percent oxyHb saturation (%SO2)
Arterial blood = 97.5%
Venous blood = 75%

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7
Q

What is the formula for total O2 content of blood?

A

O2 bound to Hb + O2 dissolved in plasma

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8
Q

What are you multiplying to get total amount of O2 dissolved in plasma?

A

0.003ml O2/100mL blood/mmHg

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9
Q

What do you multiply to get O2 bounded to Hb?

A

Hb concentration x 1.34 mL O2/g Hb x %SpO2 level

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10
Q

Clinical significance of Hb?

A

Hb is closely tied to its molecular structure; changes in molecular structure impacts function

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11
Q

What does sickle cell anemia do?

A

Mutation which then will cause the cells to clump together and obstruct blood flow through capillaries

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12
Q

What is iron-deficiency anemia?

A

Iron is required for heme-synthesis, & diet deficient in iron impairs Hb production

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13
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

Abnormal increase in RBC production, Hb concentration increases.

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14
Q

Major functions of Hb?

A

Transport O2, CO2 and
Buffering H+

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15
Q

Why is the myocardium able to contract?

A

Electrically conductive which allows them to squeeze

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16
Q

How does the myocardium get stimulated if it is electrically conductive?

A

Self-stimulation in the absence of neural input

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17
Q

What cells in the right atrium regulate the electrical cycle of the myocardium?

A

SA node and AV node

18
Q

What does Isoelectric activity mean?

A

When the voltage is 0

19
Q

What is the purpose of ECG signals?

A

It tells you about the heart rate, rhythm, presence or absence of cardiac hypertrophy, ischemia, infarction

20
Q

What are the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle?

A

Cardiac muscle contraction, Opening/Closing of heart valves, blood flow

21
Q

What is contributing to low and high frequency?

A

Low: Muscle contraction
High: Valve action + Blood Flow

22
Q

What is the Lub and Dub associated with on the EKG?

A

Lub is the closing of the AV valves.
Dub is the closing of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves at ventricular diastole

23
Q

What is Phonocardiography?

A

The technique of recording and displaying heart sounds

24
Q

What happens to blood flow for someone who is lying in supine position

A

Venous return ↑ ==> SV ↑

25
Q

What happens to blood flow for someone who is standing up?

A

↓Venous Return and ↓SV

26
Q

What is the purpose of the Valsava manuever?

A

It tests for autonomic nervous system dysfunction.

27
Q

What is the Valsalva maneuver intertwined with?

A

Baroreceptor reflex and heart rate

28
Q

How is normal blood pH maintained in the kidneys?

A

Selective reabsorption of bicarbonate and excretion of H+

29
Q

What is the nephron?

A

Functional and anatomical unit of the kidney

30
Q

Each nephron consists of two main parts including:

A

Glomerulus and Renal Tubule/Bowman’s Capsule

31
Q

A dark coloured urine is indicative of what?

A

High urine concentration

32
Q

What would cause blood to be in the kidney?

A

UTI and kidney stones

33
Q

UTI leads to what?

A

More RBCs and WBCs appearing in urine

34
Q

What does the presence of a leukocyte indicative of?

A

UTI; high [leukocyte] in urine = leukocyturia

35
Q

Leukocyte esterase is?

A

Enzyme that a urinalysis strip is testing the presence of to see if WBCs are in the urine.

36
Q

Can Nitrites be filtered at the glomerulus?

A

Only nitrate can be filtered at glomerulus while nitries in urine is abnormal.

37
Q

How is urobilinogen made?

A

Hb broken and non-iron portion converted to bilrubin which is then metabolized into urobilinogen.

38
Q

What is hemolytic anemia?

A

Complication of sickle cell disease, where it causes excessive destruction of RBCs and their contents.

39
Q

How are gallstones and urobilinogen connected?

A

Gallstones obstruct bile ducts so urobilinogen absence in the urine

40
Q

High [protein] in the urine is called?

A

Proteinuria

KINE 3012 (5 decks)

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