Midterm 1 Flashcards
(65 cards)
What is homeostasis??
It is the relatively stable condition of ECF that results from regulatory system actions
What are the factors that effect homeostasis regulation?
Concentration of nutrients, O2/CO2, waste products, pH, water, salt, electrolytes, plasma, blood pressure and temperature.
What is a feedback system?
It’s response counteracts the initial stimuli, at the body level effecting tissue, organs and cells.
What is a feedforward system?
It is an anticipatory response, and primes the body for challenges to come/ fight or flight.
What is positive feedback?
It adds to the initial stimuli; changes that move the body away from homeostatic balance.
What is the job of the respiratory system?
To obtain O2 for cells and eliminate CO2 produced in the body.
What is external respiration?
The exchange of O2/CO2 between external environments and cells in the body.
What are the 4 steps of external respiration?
- Ventilation/movement of air in/out of the lungs
- O2/CO2 exchanged between air in alveoli and blood by diffusion
- blood transports O2/CO2 to lungs and tissues
- O2/CO2 exchanged between tissues and blood by diffusion
The anatomy of the respiratory system consists of:
The lungs, alveoli, diaphragm and ribs.
Where does gas exchange occur?
It takes place in the alveoli sacs
What is the conducting zone?
Where air moves through them
What is the cilia’s function in the conducting zone?
To sense temperature and air flow, it also traps foreign particles and sends them upward.
What does a feedback system consist of?
A sensory system, a relay system and response system.
What does the airway consist of?
Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx,trachea, bronchi and bronchioles.
Why is it important to have a thin alveolar wall?
To help maximize the diffusion capabilities in gas exchange.
What is the function of type 2 alveolar cells?
To secrete pulmonary surfactant which lubricates alveoli and minimizes surface friction.
What is the function of the pores of Kohn?
To allow the movement of air between alveoli.
What is the primary muscle of inspiration?
The diaphragm
What happens when the diaphragm contracts?
It flattens and pulls the thoracic cavity down and expands.
What happens during expiration?
The inspiratory muscles relax, pressure will rise compressing the lung allowing air to move out.
What factors challenge the diaphragm?
Pregnancy, Obesity and Tumors.
Why is the pleural sac important to the lung?
It helps maintains shape, holding the chest wall and lungs in place and maintains change in pressure.
What are the 2 pleural sacs?
Visceral: attaches to the outer lung
Parietal: attaches to the thoracic wall and diaphragm
What are the 4 different pressure considerations?
Atmospheric pressure, alveolar pressure, pleural pressure and transpulmonary (recoil) pressure
