Multiple Choice Pt.2

Question 1

Darwin’s theory of natural selection mechanisms

Answer 1

Variation, Inheritance, Selection, Time and Adaptation.

Question 2

Natural Selection

Answer 2

characteristics of a population change over many generations, heritable traits & reproduce passing their traits to offspring.

Question 3

Homologous structures -what are they

Answer 3

Structures that have similar structural elements and origin but may have a different function

Question 4

Types of selection

Stabilizing

Answer 4

favours intermediate phenotypes and acts against extreme variants.

Question 5

Types of selection: Directional

Answer 5

favours the phenotypes at one extreme over another, resulting in the distribution curve of phenotypes shifting in the direction of that extreme

Question 6

Types of selection: Disruptive (diversifying):

Answer 6

favours the extremes of a range of phenotypes; can result in the elimination of intermediate phenotypes

Question 7

What are proteins made out of?

Answer 7

Amino acids joined by peptide bonds forming chains

Question 8

Nutrients in food are broken down why?

Answer 8

• To provide energy,
• regulate cellular activities
• build and repair tissues

Question 9

Why do we need fiber in our diets

Answer 9

helps regulate the body’s use of sugars, helping to keep hunger and blood sugar in check.

Question 10

Why do we need oxygen

Answer 10

helps organisms grow, reproduce, and turn food into energy.

Question 11

Capillaries -what, where

Answer 11

A tiny blood vessel that carries blood from the arteries to the veins; site of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange
Found in the vascular system

Question 12

Movement of diaphragm

Answer 12

Diaphragm: a sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
Control air pressure inside the lungs
Changes in air pressure cause air to move in and out of the lungs

Question 13

movement of air in lungs

Answer 13

Inhalation: rib cage moves up and out, diaphragm contracts and moves down, pressure in lungs decreases and air comes rushing in
Exhalation: rib cage moves down and in, diaphragm relaxes and moves up, pressure in lungs increases and air is pushed out

Question 14

Structure of the Trachea

Answer 14

Trachea: the tube that carries air from the nasal passages or month to the bronchi and then to the lungs; also known as the windpipe

Question 15

Other functions of the blood

Answer 15

transporting materials in the body and regulating the concentration of substances and heat in the body

Question 16

How blood moves through veins

Answer 16

Contraction of muscles and one-way valves

Question 17

Why is photosynthesis important

Answer 17

It is the source of energy and food for all organisms.
It releases oxygen into the environment which is utilised by organisms.

Question 18

Root tip/cap

Answer 18

A protective covering at the tip of the root
Consists of parenchyma cells and reduces friction as root grows

Question 19

Vascular

Answer 19

To transport water and dissolved substances throughout the plant

Question 20

Vascular tissue

Xylem

Answer 20

carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant
Consists of dead tube-shaped cells with lignin

Question 21

Vascular tissue

Phloem

Answer 21

used for transporting larger molecules including sugars
Consists of living cells in tubular form

Question 22

Stomata

Answer 22

A small opening, usually in the leaf, that allows gas exchange

Question 23

Dicot image

Answer 23

a major cluster of flowering plants that have two cotyledons; a plant embryo has two cotyledons

Question 24

Monocot

Answer 24

major cluster of flowering plants that have one cotyledon; a plant embryo with one cotyledon

Question 25

Seed dispersal (pic given and how is it dispersed)

Answer 25

Water, animal or wind dispersal

Question 26

Methods of artificial propagation

Answer 26

The cloning of a plant from a portion of its roots, stems or leaves
Division, Grafting, Leaf Cutting, Stem cutting, root cutting, simple layering, air layering, cell culturing

Question 27

Positive phototropism

Answer 27

A plant’s growth response to light, positive = towards light