multiple attestation essay Flashcards

1
Q

intro

A

understandable that people question authenticity of sources
strauss = pioneer
criteria = reflective and products of both form and redaction criticism
argument – don’t use exclusively, must consider other. Maybe better approach = thematic. If something is dissimilar, what does it reveal about contemporary society? How does it fit into wider narrative?

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2
Q

para 1

A

Attestation in literary sources - kofG

  • kingdom of god
  • attested in multiple independent sources, also reflect contemporary concerns (what is an independent source? - synoptics, M, L, Q, non-canonical, Paul, John etc.)
  • link between Kofg and children - mark 10:13-16, ‘truly I tell you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God as a little child will never enter it’
  • paralleled in Mt 19:13-15 and Lk 18:15-17 and John 3:1-10)
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3
Q

para 1 ao2

A
  • subjective application - what counts as a source? how do we know if it is independent?
  • grant - evangelists shared a lot of material from common sources. may suggest the congeniality of certain pericopes to the early church
  • characteristic but not authentic?
  • Thematic approach
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4
Q

para 2

A
  • jesus’ teachings on divorce - Mk 10:11-12, Lk 16:18
  • strongly condemns divorce
  • attested in Mk and Lk
  • but slightly different approach to both other gospel writers and jewish tradition
  • 1 cor 7:10-11, ‘I give this command - not I but the lord - that the wife should not separate from her husband’
  • also matt 19:8 - Jesus replied, “Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because your hearts were hard. But it was not this way from the beginning. 9 I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for sexual immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery.”
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5
Q

para 2 ao2

A

Other criteria
• how do we decide if something is similar enough to be attested?
• JC = reinterpreting Jewish law. but enough for dissimilarity - moves away from jewish tolerance towards divorce. e.g. mark 10:4-9 highlights how the law of Moses sanctioned divorce
• important to combine criteria e.g. embarrassment for paul, ‘not i, but the lord’. goes onto modify it slightly - But if the unbeliever leaves, let it be so.
• meier - this is a conflict between the practical and the prohibited
• divorce is also attested so it conforms with all 3 criteria

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6
Q

para 3

A

baptism

  • matt 3:13-17 - JC insists JB baptise him to ‘fulfil all righteousness’
  • mark emphasises JB as forerunner but still inferior
  • OT basis, Isaiah 42 - righteousness. attempt to quell embarrassment
  • mark - by John
  • matt - mentions John but does not specify that it is by John
  • luke - does not mention john’s name
  • heavenly voice - you are my son, the beloved
  • isaac/abraham
  • superiority of JC - quasi-divine
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7
Q

para 3 ao2

A
  • similarly conforms with embarrassment
  • unlikely that church would fabricate sayings that would be potentially detrimental to church teaching
  • e.g. baptism - could threaten JC superiority
  • chilton - either through ‘correction, augmentation or omission’, the evangelists attempt to emphasise JC superiority
  • chilton and Evans - this editing suggests authenticity. why would they deliberately manufacture an embarrassing story
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8
Q

conc

A

Attestation in rhetorical strategies may help with problems

  • dale: parables, antithetical parallelism and exaggeration - all relevant for paradigm of JC and eschatology
  • e.g. Q 12:51-53 ‘I have not come to bring peace to earth, but division’
  • not attested in multiple sources, but rhetorically attested
  • antithetical parallelism and rhetorical questioning
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