Multimedia, Animations, and Motion Flashcards
Time-based media can be divided into three categories. What are they?
- Audio-only
- Video-only
- Multimedia (both)
What are four methods for providing alternatives to time-based media?
- Captions
- Transcripts
- Audio descriptions
- Sign language
What are some universal benefits of captions?
- SEO
- Second language learners
- The ability to watch or “listen to” video/audio with the sound off
True or false: auto-captioning is a robust and reliable technology that should be used to provide captions for time-based media.
False
What are 4 methods of presenting captions for live media?
- Use a media player that supports live captions
- Present the captions on the web page adjacent to the video
- Use television captioning technologies
- Present the captions on a separate web page (not ideal but good for situations where the video is served through a different technology, like web conferencing software)
True or false: captions should use conventional spelling, rather than attempt to write words phonetically, except when phonetic spelling is essential to the meeting of the context
True
True or false: When captioning sound, captions should describe the actions that cause the sounds for additional context.
False. Captions should describe sounds in terms of the sounds themselves, not the actions causing the sounds.
True or false: Captions for scripted content should leave out stuttering or “um”s and “uh”s to provide more clarity.
False. Captions MUST be verbatim for scripted content (except when intentionally creating simplified captioning for a relevant target audience, e.g. people with cognitive disabilities).
True or false: Captions should be verbatim for unscripted or live content (with the optional exception of stuttering or filler words – like “um” – when captioning the filler words reduces reading comprehension of the captions).
True. Whenever possible, captions should be verbatim for videos such as broadcasts, documentaries, interviews, and other unscripted media. However, including too many instances of stuttering and “ums” may affect the readability of captions. Use discretion as to whether to include every single utterance that occurs in the audio. Captions should be as close to verbatim as possible but should also be easy and quick to read.
True or false: Music should be identified by title and artist whenever possible in captions, unless doing so would be inappropriate to the content.
True
True or false: When speech is inaudible or difficult to perceive clearly, captions should say so using language like “unintelligible whispers” or “incoherent babbling”.
False. Use neutral language, like “inaudible”, instead.
What is the limit on how many lines of captions should be visible at a time?
Captions should not exceed three lines onscreen at a time.
True or false: the default font for captions should be a serif font.
False. It should be sans-serif.
What is the recommended limit to the number of characters per line in a caption?
The maximum number of characters per line of captions should not exceed 32 characters.
How long should captions remain on the screen?
Captions should remain on the screen for a minimum of one second under all circumstances, and should take into account the number of words, at 0.3 seconds per word, if possible.
What should the default color combination be on captions?
White text on a black background
What must the contrast ratio be between font color and background color in captions?
3:1 (assuming a minimum font size of 18 point)
What should the default font size be for captions?
22pt
What should the default font weight be for captions?
Normal, not bold
How long should any gaps be between captions?
Minimum of 1.5 seconds. If the time can be used to display the caption, then that time should be used.
True or false: Additional on-screen time for a caption frame should be added when there is a lot happening visually on the screen
True
True or false: Multiple caption file formats should be provided
True
True or false: At least one of the file formats should be in a WebVTT file format
True
Captions MUST include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Dialog
b. Important background sounds
c. Important visual cues
d. The identity of the individual speaking
C. Important visual cues
All of the following are best practices for captions EXCEPT:
a. Caption should not exceed three lines on the screen at one time
b. Captions should be uppercase
c. The default size for captions should be at least 22pt
d. The last caption frame should be removed from the screen during long silent intervals
b. Captions should be uppercase
True or false: Users must be able to customize the font face, size, and color of captions
False. SHOULD, not must
True or false: The advantage of advanced caption file formats over basic file formats is that advanced formats support greater flexibility in styling captions to meet user needs
True
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Level AA requires that captions be provided for:
a. Prerecorded multimedia (video plus audio)
b. Live multimedia (video plus audio)
c. Prerecorded video-only
d. A and B
e. All of the above
d. A (Prerecorded multimedia) and B (Live multimedia)
True or false: Prerecorded multimedia (video plus audio) must have a text transcript
False. SHOULD, not must
True or false: Prerecorded audio-only content must be accompanied by an easily-reachable text transcript
True
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Level AA requires that transcripts be provided for:
a. Prerecorded multimedia (video plus audio)
b. Live multimedia (video plus audio)
c. Prerecorded audio-only
d. A and C
c. Prerecorded audio-only
True or false: Transcripts are the only way people who are deafblind can access multimedia (audio and video) content
True
Transcripts MUST include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Dialog
b. The lyrics to the complete musical soundtrack
c. The identity of the individual speaking
d. Important background sounds
b. The lyrics to the complete musical soundtrack
True or false: Transcripts must be provided on the same page as their corresponding media file
False
The benefits of interactive transcripts include:
a. The ability to search and navigate videos by selecting text in the transcript
b. Increased accessibility for people with low vision
c. The ability to provide captions in multiple languages
d. Greater clarity for people with vestibular disorders
a. The ability to search and navigate videos by selecting text in the transcript
What are two methods of presenting audio descriptions?
- Create a separate version of the video with embedded audio descriptions.
- Create a separate audio file of just the audio descriptions, and allow users to turn on the audio description option to play the audio descriptions synchronously with the video.
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Level AA requires that audio descriptions be provided for:
a. Prerecorded multimedia (video plus audio)
b. Prerecorded audio-only
c. Prerecorded video-only (when there is no transcript)
d. A and B
e. A and C
e. A and C
Audio descriptions benefit which of the following user categories:
a. Deaf users and Deaf-blind users
b. Low-vision users and blind users
c. Users with mobility disabilities
d. Blind users only
b. Low-vision users and blind users
All of the following are best practices for recording audio descriptions EXCEPT:
a. Important actions that cannot be identified by sound should be described.
b. Settings should be described, but not in overwhelming detail.
c. Background sounds with a source not obvious to a sighted viewer should be described.
d. New speakers in a scene should be identified.
c. Background sounds with a source not obvious to a sighted viewer should be described.
True or false: Extended audio descriptions are useful when the audio track does not provide sufficient gaps for the audio description narrator to adequately describe what is happening on the screen
True
True or false: When an audio description track is available for a movie or video, it should be the default audio track because it enhances the viewing experience for all users
False
True or false: To meet WCAG standards, the audio description track MUST be available in the same video file as the regular audio track
False
True or false: Sign language interpretation should be provided for prerecorded multimedia, prerecorded audio-only content, live multimedia content, and live audio-only content
False. May, not should
What are three methods of presenting sign language interpretation?
- Picture in Picture (PiP) in the video itself
- As a separate synchronized video (in video players that support it)
- Include the interpreter in the original video
True or false: Sign language interpretation is helpful for deaf people who are more fluent in sign language than written language
True
The simplest way to provide sign language interpretation for a live event such as a press conference is:
a. Via Picture in Picture (PiP), in the corner of the video
b. In a separate, synchronized video
c. By including the interpreter in the same video frame as the speaker
d. By ensuring the speaker signs as they speak
c. By including the interpreter in the same video frame as the speaker
True or false: All functionality of a media player must be available to keyboard users
True
True or false: All controls of a media player should present the correct names, roles, and values to screen reader users
False. Must, not should
True or false: Media players should allow users to access captions, transcripts, and audio descriptions.
True
True or false: HTML 5 video players have made the need for custom plugins to view online video practically obsolete
True
All of the following are accessibility considerations for media players, EXCEPT:
a. Tab order must be logical
b. Focus must be managed locally
c. Visual focus indicator color and shape must be customizable
d. Instructions should be provided for unusual keyboard interactions
c. Visual focus indicator color and shape must be customizable
Screen reader accessibility considerations for media players include:
a. All media player controls must have a Name and a Role
b. All media player controls must be keyboard accessible
c. Some media player controls (such as a volume slider) must have a Value
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
True or false: Media players must provide the ability to turn on and off all accessibility features such as captions, transcripts, and audio descriptions
False. Should, not must
It is acceptable for audio content that auto-starts on a web page to play for up to how many seconds?
3 seconds
Background sounds in media presentations and web pages have the potential to negatively impact all of the following user categories EXCEPT:
a. Users who are hard of hearing
b. Blind users
c. Deaf users
d. Users with cognitive disabilities
e. Users with mobility disabilities
c. Deaf users
True or false: In a multimedia or audio-only presentation, background sounds during dialog MUST be eliminated
False
True or false: In a multimedia or audio-only presentation, background audio should be at least 20 decibels lower than (about 4 times quieter than) primary speech or sounds
True
While it is acceptable to auto-play audio on a webpage for more than 3 seconds IF a mechanism to turn it off is available, doing so may make it IMPOSSIBLE for which user category/categories to use your web page?
a. Deaf users
b. Users who are hard of hearing
c. People who use screen readers
d. Users with cognitive disabilities
e. All of the above
c. People who use screen readers
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Photo-epileptic seizures are always milder than ‘regular’ epileptic seizures.
b. Flashing of any speed is okay as long as it can be turned off.
c. Only people with traumatic brain injuries are sensitive to flashing content.
d. High-contrast flashes are more dangerous than low-contrast flashes.
d. High-contrast flashes are more dangerous than low-contrast flashes.
It is acceptable for content to flash up to how many times per second?
3x per second
WCAG Level AA allows for content to flash more than 3 times per second as long as certain conditions are met. These qualifying conditions include:
a. The flashing content contains no red.
b. The flashing area is small enough, and the colors are low contrast.
c. The flashing content has a mechanism to turn the flashing off.
d. It is impossible to quantify what may cause a seizure.
b. The flashing area is small enough, and the colors are low contrast.
True or false: Parallax effects SHOULD be kept to a minimum, in terms of the total number of parallax effects, the amount of parallax within each individual effect, and the size of the area affected
True
True or false: All content and features within parallax scrolling content should be accessible by keyboard
False. Must, not should
True or false: Parallax scrolling pages can negatively impact SEO
True
True or false: A user must be able to disable motion animation triggered by interaction, unless the animation is essential to the functionality or the information being conveyed
False. Should, not must
Animations, parallax effects, and background videos or animations in web pages have the potential to negatively impact which of the following user categories:
a. Users with vestibular disorders
b. Blind users
c. Users with cognitive impairments
d. A and C
e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Vestibular disorders affect a person’s:
a. Reading comprehension
b. Balance
c. Ability to perceive some colors
d. Ability to use a mouse
b. Balance
True or false: Parallax effects refer to the effect of some elements on a page moving in a different direction or at a different rate than other elements
True
True or false: Background videos that contain more than just decorative content must be fully accessible with captions, transcript, and audio descriptions, as appropriate
True
True or false: Background videos that autoplay are not required to stop playing after 5 seconds
False
True or false: A method must be provided to pause, stop, or hide any media content that begins playing automatically and which lasts 5 seconds or more
True
The procurement laws Section 508 (U.S.) and EN 301 549 (Europe) apply to the procurement of information and communication technology by:
a. Public entities
b. Private entities
c. Domestic entities
d. All of the above
a. Public entities
True or false: The Americans with Disabilities Act (U.S. civil rights law) explicitly covers online content
False
True or false: Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act (U.S. procurement law) explicitly covers online content
True
The 21st Century Video Communications and Accessibility Act (CVAA) requires captions for:
a. All video content available on the web
b. All audio content available on the web
c. All video and audio content on the web that was made by U.S. companies
d. Video content on the web that was previously aired with captions on television in the US
d. Video content on the web that was previously aired with captions on television in the US
