multilingualism

Question 1

Individual VS Collective rights

Answer 1

Classic liberalism is universalist = no idea of person as culturally located, no private identity
Personal autonomy = always comes before group in liberal thinking
Communitarianism = Language is a communal good by nature, integral to individual identity

Question 2

The Universal Declaration of Independent Rights (UDLR)

Answer 2

Aspirational LHRs: Art. 3.2 Equitable presence in media, art. 8. language maintenance, art. 17. translation for all official documents

Legal rights: Art. 20 – right to trail interpreting in one’s own language

Question 3

Linguistic uniformity

Answer 3

Modern nation-states are themselves less than 10 generations old, beginning with the American and French Revolutions

Ethnic and linguistic purism has risen as a modern idea

Question 4

Define Globalisation

Answer 4

refers to processes of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture

Question 5

Define legitimation

Answer 5

the state accords formal recognition to a language in the constitution or legislation

Question 6

Define institutionalisation

Answer 6

this language becomes normalised within a wide range of powerful contexts and domains, not only public/formal but also private/informa

Question 7

Describe the Council of Europe

Answer 7

• Responsible for agreeing human rights and monitoring their usage

Question 8

Define Nation-state congruence

Answer 8

the boundaries of political and national identity should coincide… People who are citizens of a particular state should also, ideally, be members of the same national collectivity

Question 9

• Regional or minority language (RMLs)

Answer 9

excludes dialects of official language(s) as well as languages of migrants

Some states do not recognize any minorities at all (France, Turkey, Greece)