Language minorities II - race and region

Question 1

Education

Answer 1

Schools take over (language) socialization

language that is medium of instruction wins

Question 2

6 important factors in education

Answer 2

1. lanuage taught in
2. duration of teaching
3. % of students exposed
4. what method is used?
5. system of measurement of achievement
6. how is money spent

Question 3

3 types of dialect

Answer 3

regional – social – ethnic

Question 4

social dialects

Answer 4

are stratified by definition so vernacular speakers have less access to economic goods, capital and status

Question 5

regional dialects

Answer 5

have restricted access – e.g. to housing, income, employment, services etc. – compare SE England to North, Scotland

Question 6

ethnic dialects

Answer 6

most comparable to linguistic minorities we have already considered – often w/a regional distribution

Question 7

Define Standard language dominance of related dialects

Answer 7

oStandard written language is highly valued

standardization

Question 8

Globalization, language death & linguistic imperialism

Answer 8

oexternal international language usurps functions, status and power of a locally-established or indigenous one

oTypically enforced through language planning: orthography, instrumentalization, standardization

Question 9

Define race

Answer 9

social category based on the identification of (1) a physical marker that is transferred from parent to child (Smelser, Wilson and Mitchell 2001:3)

Question 10

Define ethnicity

Answer 10

Largely but not completely biologically self-perpetuating - shared values