Language planning and policy

Question 1

Describe the ‘three pillars’ of LRs

Answer 1

1. negative rights = the freedom from discrimination
2. positive rights = principle of substantive equality
3. policy and planning = must be effective

Question 2

Positive vs Negative rights

Answer 2

Classic HR rights/freedoms are often ‘negative’. Non-discrimination often insufficient to provide equality

Positive rights require interaction and maintenance

Question 3

Define Hemegony

Answer 3

the acceptance of ideologies even if they negatively affect the individual

Question 4

LHR rhetoric

Answer 4

Christina Bratt Paulston: language rights are considered a causal variable

some disagree

Question 5

Define linguicism

Answer 5

parallel to racism

Question 6

What is a Policy?

Answer 6

systematic process

created by individuals on the basis of research

Question 7

What is language policy?

Answer 7

• Planned interventions pronounced and implemented by states, supported/enforced by law

reflect power relations

Question 8

Language Policy /or Planning?

Answer 8

“a great deal of language policy-making… [is] haphazard or uncoordinated… far removed from the language planning ideal” (Fettes 1997: 14)

Question 9

Contrast types of LPP

Answer 9

Status: allocating functions w/in a speech community

Acquisition: focus on users, language learning/teaching

Corpus: changes for or structure of language (e.g. orthography in Serbia)

Question 10

What are the 2 approaches to LPP?

Answer 10

o Policy: macro focus on nation/society, Standard Lgs

Cultivation: micro focus on literacy, ways of speaking

Question 11

Example: Council of Europe (2001)

Answer 11

urged govt. of Macedonia to allow use of Albanian in schools, courts & administration

Question 12

Example of non-offical LPP

Answer 12

o Kansas City school suspends child for using Spanish in class– no policy?– school board rescind suspension (2005)

Question 13

explain language practises

Answer 13

patterns of selection from linguistic resources /repertoire, for particular domains

Question 14

Spolsky definition of language policy:

Answer 14

comprised of all three components (practices + ideology + planning)

Question 15

Shohamy definition of language policy:

Answer 15

falls between ideology and practice

Question 16

Overt VS covert policy

Answer 16

Overt: school language policy, citizenship or voting test
Covert: street sign, school language test, monolingual health info