multiculturalism

Question 1

What are the key beliefs of Kymlica?

Answer 1

• minority rights: representation, self-government, poly-ethnic rights
• promoting cultural freedom to maximise individual freedom
• functions within a liberal democracy

Question 2

What are the key beliefs of Maddod?

Answer 2

• any form of integration is valid: assimilation, individual integration, multiculturalist, cosmopolitan

Question 3

What are the key beliefs of Berlin?

Answer 3

• value pluralism: there is a number of competing but equally correct ideas about ‘the good life’

Question 4

What are the key beliefs of Parekh

Answer 4

• Deep diversity: the rejection of any absolute standards based on the idea of moral relativism
• believed that interaction between cultures would improve human nature

Question 5

What are the key beliefs of Taylor?

Answer 5

• politics of recognition: it is a universal right for all to have their identities recognised

Question 6

what is the idea of legal pluralism?

Answer 6

there should be multiple legal systems within society
for example, Sharia law being equal to liberal law

Question 7

quote from Parekh on human nature

Answer 7

“dialogue between them is mutually beneficial”

Question 8

what is the idea used to represent a cosmopolitan “mixed identity”

Answer 8

‘pick and mix’

Question 9

What are the key ideas of liberal multiculturalism?

Answer 9

• shallow diversity
• liberal democracy should be the basis
• culture is a private phenomenon (harm principle
• civic nationalism: emphasis on intergration in the public sphere (hyphenated identities)
• support some minority rights- want to prevent inequality

Question 10

What are the key ideas of pluralist multiculturalism?

Answer 10

• value pluralism
• deep diversity: tolerance encorages toleration and understanding of other cultures
• communitarianism: indentity is founded upon culture
• monoculturalism: cultures can interact but will remain seperate
• end to liberal monopoly on politics
• endorse minority representation rights and formal equality
• legal pluralism

Question 11

What is the particularist idea of community?

Answer 11

• “monocultures” cultures can interact but will not merge

Question 12

What are the key cosmopolitan ideas?

Answer 12

• ‘One world perspective’
• diversity is a stepping stone towards a hybrid society
• somewhat limited endorsement of tolerance: want values that promote a global consciousness

Question 13

Give a quote from Isaiah Berlin on tolerance and diversity.

Answer 13

“conflict between values is the very essence of what they are”

Question 14

Give an example of shallow diversity in practice

Answer 14

1985 FGM made illegal

Question 15

What is Karl Popper’s key idea?

Answer 15

The ‘paradox of intolerance’ is the idea that too much tolerance leads to the acceptance of intolerant ideas that become dominant.

Question 16

Parekh on tolerance/ assimilation

Answer 16

“no culture is perfect and has the right to impose itself on others

Question 17

What does Taylor believe will happen to individuals who lack cultural recognition

Answer 17

crippling self-hatred

Question 18

What does Jeremy Waldron believe is the natural outcome of diversity

Answer 18

“mongrelisation”

Question 19

Give a quote that suggests that some pluralists believe in a united identity

Answer 19

Parekh said, “Britain must maintain a shared national identity”

Question 20

what are the conservative criticisms of multiculturalims?

Answer 20

• lack of a shared national identity leads to instability
• natural instinct to distrust those that are different to you
• leads to the erosion of the ‘majority’ culture in the attempts to protect the minority