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PSYC 360 Exam 3 > Multicultural Therapy > Flashcards

Multicultural Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

History of multicultural therapy

A
  • Interdisciplinary influences (1960’s, anthropology)
  • Cultural/transcultural psychology
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2
Q

Education for the oppressed model

A
  • Dominant models maintain inequality
  • Develop critical consciousness, how are minorities engaging with the systems already in place?
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3
Q

Reevaluation counseling

A
  • Individuals listen to each other to recover from the effects of different types of oppression
  • Co-counseling
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4
Q

Minority identity development: stage 1

A

Conformity
- Role models come from the dominant group
- Internalized racism, belief in racist ideas about the self
- High in distress

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5
Q

Minority identity development: stage 2

A

Dissonance
- Questioning the dominant group’s values

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6
Q

Minority identity development: stage 3

A

Resistance-immersion
- Shift in thinking toward minority group thinking

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7
Q

Minority identity development: stage 4

A

Introspection
- Developed the flexibility to develop an identity without using all cultural norms

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8
Q

Minority identity development: stage 5

A

Synergistic
- Feeling fulfilled by one’s own values without having to accept all values from either the minority cultural or the dominant culture
- Blending cultural values

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9
Q

White american identity development: stage 1

A

Contact
- Denial
- Being colorblind

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10
Q

White american identity development: stage 2

A

Disintegration
- Acknowledging discrimination

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11
Q

White american identity development: stage 3

A

Reintegration
- Engage in victim blaming and reverse discrimination

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12
Q

White american identity development: stage 4

A

Pseudoindependence
- They become interested in understanding cultural differences

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13
Q

White american identity development: stage 5

A

Autonomy
- They learn about cultural differences
- Accept, respect, and appreciate minority cultures

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14
Q

Sexual orientation identity development: stage 1

A

Confusion
- Question orientation
- High distress, low acceptance

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15
Q

Sexual orientation identity development: stage 2

A

Comparison
- Accepting the possibility that they might be a sexual minority

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16
Q

Sexual orientation identity development: stage 3

A

Tolerance
- Recognition that one is gay

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17
Q

Sexual orientation identity development: stage 4

A

Acceptance
- Increase contact with other queer folks

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18
Q

Sexual orientation identity development: stage 5

A

Pride
- Proud to be how they are

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19
Q

Sexual orientation identity development: stage 6

A

Synthesis
- Outreach to heterosexuals to help them understand queer culture

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20
Q

Intersectionality

A

Multiple forms of discrimination overlap in complex ways

21
Q

ADRESSING framework

A
  • Age
  • Developmental and acquired Disabilities
  • Religion
  • Ethnicity
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Sexual orientation
  • Indigenous heritage
  • National origin
  • Gender
22
Q

Collectivistic worldview

A
  • What it means to be a person is interwoven/connected with others
  • Sharing resources, community harmony
23
Q

Individualistic worldview

A
  • What it means to be a person is based on internal attributes
  • Competition
24
Q

Cultural adaptation

A

How treatments are developed for different cultures
- Involve diverse people in development (stakeholder input)
- Include collectivistic values
- Acknowledge and attend to religious values
- Pay attention to relevance of acculturation (loss of original identity
- Acknowledge effects of oppression

25
Q

Ethnocentric perspective

A

Viewpoint that our own culture is the center culture
- Denies the existence of other cultures

26
Q

Ethnorelative perspective

A

Self-definition of culture is more diverse

27
Q

Cultural destructiveness

A

Engaging in policies destructive to other cultures
- Ex) conversion therapy

28
Q

Cultural incapacity

A

Belief in a paternalistic way of looking at minority groups

29
Q

Cultural blindness

A

Belief that culture makes no difference

30
Q

Cultural pre-competence

A

The desire to provide equitable and fair treatment but not having the resources

31
Q

Cultural competence

A

A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that shape the understanding of individuals’ worldviews and health-related behaviors

32
Q

Goals of multicultural psychotherapy

A
  • Address cultural trauma
  • Client experiences are valuable knowledge
  • Healing results from empowerment, sharing multiple perspectives, and is anchored in meaningful and relevant contexts
33
Q

Cultural trauma

A

Distress is passed down through a culture; historical trauma a group has faced

34
Q

Microagression

A

Little discriminatory acts toward a person
- May be explained away by others
- Death by a thousand cuts

35
Q

Describe the therapeutic relationship in multicultural therapy

A
  • Recognizing the client’s expectations of the therapist (getting immediate feedback)
  • Responding according to client’s needs
  • Working toward cultural congruence in worldviews (bridge of understanding)
36
Q

Explanatory model of distress

A

Ask the client why they think they feel a certain way

37
Q

Cultural genogram

A

Family tree that assesses generational trauma

38
Q

Ethnocultural assessment

A

Explores how one feels about one’s own culture

39
Q

When it comes to making diagnoses in multicultural therapy, practitioners want to…

A

Access cultural values related to functioning to avoid misdiagnoses due to cultural differences

40
Q

Cultural empathy

A

Learned ability to understand experiences of culturally diverse individuals
- Informed by cultural knowledge and interpretation
- Empathetic witness: working to confirm one’s reality

41
Q

Dialogue on cultural differences and similarities

A
  • Suspend preconceptions
  • Recognize clients may be different from other members of their group
  • Consider how client differences may affect therapy
  • Acknowledge that power, privilege, and oppression might affect interactions
42
Q

Interethnic transference

A

Occurs between different cultures; client over-compliance, mistrust, denial, and ambivalence

43
Q

Intraethnic transference

A

Occurs within the same culture; view that the therapist is omniscient/omnipotent, a traitor to the culture, or autoracist (projection of internalized racism)

44
Q

Interethnic countertransference

A

Occurs between different cultures; therapist denies cultural differences, becomes overly curious about differences at the expense of psychological needs, guilt or pity

45
Q

Intraethnic countertransference

A

Occurs within the same culture; therapist experiences overidentification, shared victimization, distancing, survivor’s guilt, or cultural myopia (inability to see other’s cultural practices as normal)

46
Q

What is the evidence base for multicultural therapy?

A
  • Inconclusive results and low validity for ethnic matching
  • Competence, compassion, and shared worldviews are more important
  • Culturally competent therapists enhance client satisfaction with treatment
  • Many remaining questions: effects of languages, ethnic and cultural contexts of self-disclosure, effect of cultural resilience on mental health, what works best for who?
47
Q

What are the characteristics of culturally competent therapists?

A
  • Values diversity
  • Manages dynamics of difference (encountering awkward moments)
  • Acquires and incorporates cultural knowledge into their interventions
  • Conducts self-reflections and assessments
  • Knows that the client is the expert on their own culture
48
Q

Co-counseling

A

Peer-to-peer counseling as opposed to therapist-client counseling
- Role-playing, taking turns being the “patient”

PSYC 360 Exam 3 (5 decks)

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