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PSYC 360 Exam 3 > Multicultural Therapy > Flashcards

Multicultural Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

History of multicultural therapy

A
  • Interdisciplinary influences (1960’s, anthropology)
  • Cultural/transcultural psychology
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2
Q

Education for the oppressed model

A
  • Dominant models maintain inequality
  • Develop critical consciousness, how are minorities engaging with the systems already in place?
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3
Q

Reevaluation counseling

A
  • Individuals listen to each other to recover from the effects of different types of oppression
  • Co-counseling
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4
Q

Minority identity development: stage 1

A

Conformity
- Role models come from the dominant group
- Internalized racism, belief in racist ideas about the self
- High in distress

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5
Q

Minority identity development: stage 2

A

Dissonance
- Questioning the dominant group’s values

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6
Q

Minority identity development: stage 3

A

Resistance-immersion
- Shift in thinking toward minority group thinking

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7
Q

Minority identity development: stage 4

A

Introspection
- Developed the flexibility to develop an identity without using all cultural norms

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8
Q

Minority identity development: stage 5

A

Synergistic
- Feeling fulfilled by one’s own values without having to accept all values from either the minority cultural or the dominant culture
- Blending cultural values

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9
Q

White american identity development: stage 1

A

Contact
- Denial
- Being colorblind

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10
Q

White american identity development: stage 2

A

Disintegration
- Acknowledging discrimination

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11
Q

White american identity development: stage 3

A

Reintegration
- Engage in victim blaming and reverse discrimination

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12
Q

White american identity development: stage 4

A

Pseudoindependence
- They become interested in understanding cultural differences

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13
Q

White american identity development: stage 5

A

Autonomy
- They learn about cultural differences
- Accept, respect, and appreciate minority cultures

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14
Q

Sexual orientation identity development: stage 1

A

Confusion
- Question orientation
- High distress, low acceptance

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15
Q

Sexual orientation identity development: stage 2

A

Comparison
- Accepting the possibility that they might be a sexual minority

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16
Q

Sexual orientation identity development: stage 3

A

Tolerance
- Recognition that one is gay

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17
Q

Sexual orientation identity development: stage 4

A

Acceptance
- Increase contact with other queer folks

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18
Q

Sexual orientation identity development: stage 5

A

Pride
- Proud to be how they are

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19
Q

Sexual orientation identity development: stage 6

A

Synthesis
- Outreach to heterosexuals to help them understand queer culture

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20
Q

Intersectionality

A

Multiple forms of discrimination overlap in complex ways

21
Q

ADRESSING framework

A
  • Age
  • Developmental and acquired Disabilities
  • Religion
  • Ethnicity
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Sexual orientation
  • Indigenous heritage
  • National origin
  • Gender
22
Q

Collectivistic worldview

A
  • What it means to be a person is interwoven/connected with others
  • Sharing resources, community harmony
23
Q

Individualistic worldview

A
  • What it means to be a person is based on internal attributes
  • Competition
24
Q

Cultural adaptation

A

How treatments are developed for different cultures
- Involve diverse people in development (stakeholder input)
- Include collectivistic values
- Acknowledge and attend to religious values
- Pay attention to relevance of acculturation (loss of original identity
- Acknowledge effects of oppression

25
Ethnocentric perspective
Viewpoint that our own culture is the center culture - Denies the existence of other cultures
26
Ethnorelative perspective
Self-definition of culture is more diverse
27
Cultural destructiveness
Engaging in policies destructive to other cultures - Ex) conversion therapy
28
Cultural incapacity
Belief in a paternalistic way of looking at minority groups
29
Cultural blindness
Belief that culture makes no difference
30
Cultural pre-competence
The desire to provide equitable and fair treatment but not having the resources
31
Cultural competence
A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that shape the understanding of individuals' worldviews and health-related behaviors
32
Goals of multicultural psychotherapy
- Address cultural trauma - Client experiences are valuable knowledge - Healing results from empowerment, sharing multiple perspectives, and is anchored in meaningful and relevant contexts
33
Cultural trauma
Distress is passed down through a culture; historical trauma a group has faced
34
Microagression
Little discriminatory acts toward a person - May be explained away by others - Death by a thousand cuts
35
Describe the therapeutic relationship in multicultural therapy
- Recognizing the client's expectations of the therapist (getting immediate feedback) - Responding according to client's needs - Working toward cultural congruence in worldviews (bridge of understanding)
36
Explanatory model of distress
Ask the client why they think they feel a certain way
37
Cultural genogram
Family tree that assesses generational trauma
38
Ethnocultural assessment
Explores how one feels about one's own culture
39
When it comes to making diagnoses in multicultural therapy, practitioners want to...
Access cultural values related to functioning to avoid misdiagnoses due to cultural differences
40
Cultural empathy
Learned ability to understand experiences of culturally diverse individuals - Informed by cultural knowledge and interpretation - Empathetic witness: working to confirm one's reality
41
Dialogue on cultural differences and similarities
- Suspend preconceptions - Recognize clients may be different from other members of their group - Consider how client differences may affect therapy - Acknowledge that power, privilege, and oppression might affect interactions
42
Interethnic transference
Occurs between different cultures; client over-compliance, mistrust, denial, and ambivalence
43
Intraethnic transference
Occurs within the same culture; view that the therapist is omniscient/omnipotent, a traitor to the culture, or autoracist (projection of internalized racism)
44
Interethnic countertransference
Occurs between different cultures; therapist denies cultural differences, becomes overly curious about differences at the expense of psychological needs, guilt or pity
45
Intraethnic countertransference
Occurs within the same culture; therapist experiences overidentification, shared victimization, distancing, survivor's guilt, or cultural myopia (inability to see other's cultural practices as normal)
46
What is the evidence base for multicultural therapy?
- Inconclusive results and low validity for ethnic matching - Competence, compassion, and shared worldviews are more important - Culturally competent therapists enhance client satisfaction with treatment - Many remaining questions: effects of languages, ethnic and cultural contexts of self-disclosure, effect of cultural resilience on mental health, what works best for who?
47
What are the characteristics of culturally competent therapists?
- Values diversity - Manages dynamics of difference (encountering awkward moments) - Acquires and incorporates cultural knowledge into their interventions - Conducts self-reflections and assessments - Knows that the client is the expert on their own culture
48
Co-counseling
Peer-to-peer counseling as opposed to therapist-client counseling - Role-playing, taking turns being the "patient"

PSYC 360 Exam 3 (5 decks)

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