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PSYC 360 Exam 3 > Cognitive Therapy > Flashcards

Cognitive Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

History of cognitive therapy

A
  • Phenomenological approach (focus on subjective experiences)
  • Emphasizing the role of beliefs in behavior change
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2
Q

Aaron Beck

A
  • Trained in psychoanalysis
  • Observed consistent biases in cognitive processing
  • Developed a theory of emotional disorders and cognitive model of depression
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3
Q

Psychoanalysis believes that depression is…

A

Anger turned inward

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4
Q

Cognitive therapy believes that depression is…

A

A biased perception of reality

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5
Q

Cognitive processing

A
  • Our biasing of the world around us and our perceptions
  • My perception is not objective reality, it’s an interpretation of what I am paying attention to
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6
Q

What is the theory of personality for cognitive therapy?

A
  • Personality is our temperament and cognitive schemas combined
  • Our personality dimensions are made up of clusters of attributes and styles of responding
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7
Q

How is distress caused in the theory of for cognitive therapy personality?

A
  • Distress come from a systematic bias in information processing
  • Distress is on the same continuum as normal behavior and results from perceived threat, maladaptive interpretations, and reduced cognitive and reasoning abilities
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8
Q

Temperament

A

One’s general disposition based on genetic/biological factors

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9
Q

Cognitive schemas

A

Fundamental beliefs/assumptions that we make and are reinforced through later learning processes
- Attributes/responses reflect our schemas in action

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10
Q

Theory of personality for cognitive therapy: core beliefs

A
  • Foundation of maladaptive schemas
  • Broad, develop early
  • Stable
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11
Q

Theory of personality for cognitive therapy: underlying assumptions

A
  • Give rise to automatic thoughts
  • Shape perceptions, provide interpretation and meaning
  • Drawing conclusions without evidence
  • Stable
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12
Q

Theory of personality: automatic thoughts

A
  • Spontaneous and triggered by circumstance (situation dependent)
  • Stimulus -> automatic thought -> emotion and behavior
  • The words we say to ourselves about the assumption
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13
Q

Theory of personality: voluntary thoughts

A
  • The most accessible and stable thoughts
  • Aware of these thoughts, you decided to have these thoughts
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14
Q

Cognitive distortion: catastrophizing

A

The tendency to blow circumstances out of proportion by making problems larger than real life
- Ex) thinking you will never graduate if you get a bad grade in school

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15
Q

Cognitive distortion: personalization

A

The tendency to take blame for absolutely everything that goes wrong in your life
- Interpreting ambiguous information relevant to the self
- Ex) if someone is in a bad mood, interpret it as your fault

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16
Q

Cognitive distortion: overgeneralizing

A

The tendency to make broad generalizations based upon a single event and minimal evidence
- Ex) stereotypes

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17
Q

Cognitive distortion: emotional reasoning

A

The tendency to interpret your experience based upon how you’re feeling in the moment
- Ex) receiving constructive criticism can make you feel bad, therefore you interpret the event as bad

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18
Q

Cognitive distortion: shoulding and musting

A

The tendency to make unrealistic and unreasonable demands on yourself or others
- Ex) expecting your partner to always know exactly what you’re thinking

19
Q

Cognitive distortion: magnification and minimization

A

The tendency to magnify the positive attributes of another while minimizing your own
- Downplaying your achievement
- Issue on social media
- Ex) comparing grades with your friend and their’s is slightly higher than your’s, you think that they are better

20
Q

Cognitive distortion: mind-reading

A

The tendency to assume that you know what another person is thinking without sufficient evidence
- Ex) assuming your colleague is grumpy because of their home life but it’s actually because they overslept

21
Q

Describe the therapeutic relationship in CBT

A
  • Collaborative in making treatment goals, setting an agenda
  • Therapist as a guide and catalyst for change
  • Warm, empathetic, genuine, and curious approach
  • Emphasizes patient responsibility (10,080 minutes in a week)
  • Regularly elicit feedback from the patient
22
Q

Explain the goals of cognitive therapy

A
  • Correct the biases in faulty information processing
  • Not simply a substitution of positive beliefs for negative ones
  • Develop a habit of making alternative explanations instead of jumping to conclusions
  • Treat thoughts as testable hypothesis that you can seek evidence for
23
Q

Explain the cognitive triad of depression

A
  • How cognitive distortions are applied
  • Self: decreased sense of self worth
  • Hopelessness: about the future, helpless
  • World: general pessimism
24
Q

What are the three biases/hallmarks underlying anxiety?

A
  • Exaggerated perception of danger
  • Difficulty recognizing saftey cues
  • Minimized ability to cope
25
Q

What are the underlying biases of OCD?

A
  • Uncertainty of safety (obsession)
  • Sense of responsibility to take action (compulsion)
26
Q

Treatment structure: initial phase

A
  • Diagnostic assessment and treatment contract (notes what evidence will be seen when goals are met)
  • Skills education (ways of identifying maladaptive thoughts/distortions)
  • Therapist is active/directive
27
Q

Treatment structure: middle and later sessions

A
  • Identify themes of automatic thoughts and construct hypotheses
  • Challenge core beliefs with experiments
28
Q

Treatment structure: ending treatment

A
  • Client takes on a more active role
  • Relapse prevention: teach a client how to identify when they need a skill and they aren’t using it
29
Q

Collaborative empiricism

A

Using evidence to draw conclusions that may or may not support the hypothesis

30
Q

Co-investigators

A

Test potential hypothesis together

31
Q

Guided discovery

A

Setting experiments to test client hypotheses

32
Q

Socratic dialogue

A

Asking questions to help the client form their own conclusions; lead them to the answer without directly saying it
- Helps the client figure out the automatic thoughts they have

33
Q

Explain the typical structure of a CBT session

A

1) Set agenda: therapist comes in with a plan, asks client what to add
2) Review previous material
3) Review HW
4) Cover new material
5) Summarize and assign HW
6) Elicit feedback

34
Q

Psychoeducation

A
  • Thoughts, behaviors, and feelings all influence each other
  • Walk through each step-by-step with client
35
Q

Self-monitoring

A
  • Keeping a journal/mood log as HW
  • Helps to identify distortions and reframe them
36
Q

Challenging cognitive distortions: decatastrophizing

A

Be realistic about thoughts

37
Q

Challenging cognitive distortions: reattribution

A

Reassign the cause of an event based on evidence

38
Q

Challenging cognitive distortions: redefining

A

Restate the problem in terms of things the patient has control over

39
Q

Challenging cognitive distortions: decentering

A

Emphasize that people don’t care as much as you think they do

40
Q

What are some ways that behavioral techniques are incorporated into cognitive therapy?

A
  • HW
  • Hypothesis testing (behavioral experiments)
  • Exposure therapy
  • Role playing
  • Activity scheduling
41
Q

What are the mechanisms of change for cognitive therapy (why does it work)?

A
  • Modification of dysfunctional assumptions leads to effective change
  • Core beliefs must be made accessible to be modified
  • Therapy allows patients to experience emotion and reality testing simulatenously
42
Q

Evidence base for cognitive therapy

A
  • Large effects shown for depression, GAD, panic disorder, social phobia, childhood depression or anxiety
  • Medium effects for marital distress, anger, chronic pain, childhood somatic disorders
43
Q

What are some cultural considerations for cognitive therapy?

A
  • When patient’s own beliefs don’t match the dominant culture, develop flexibility and reconcile beliefs with environmental constraints

PSYC 360 Exam 3 (5 decks)

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