Multicultural Issues in Assessing Personality Flashcards
In order to understand where the child is coming from
What are the cultural beliefs of expressing emotion? How is emotion displayed at home?
Know what the cultural beliefs are with regard to therapy, counseling, etc.
What are the nuances in terms of what children are allowed to say, how they relate to authority figures
Consider how death is viewed
Two Perspectives in Multicultural World
Emic Perspective
Emic perspective
Refers to behaviors that are specific to a culture (i.e mexico in relation to time)
Two Perspectives in Multicultural World
Etic Perspective
Etic perspective
Refers to behaviors and psychology that is applicable across all cultures (i.e temperament, schizophrenia)
If you have clinical data that shows a quiet asian girl referred for assertiveness training – not necessarily needed
If you classify a child from a cultural group, you run the risk of being insensitive
Culture of Poverty
Different from culture; show different characteristics
Oriented to the present (because worried about food on table)
Inability to delay gratification (i.e delaying tv to do homework)
There is a connection between delay of gratification and trust. The inability to delay gratification is connected to less trust.
In terms of poverty, people don’t trust that food is going to come tomorrow.
i.e delaying tv to do homework
Impulsivity
Sense of pre-determined fate/fatalism
Resentment of authority
Alienation and distant of others
Lack of emphasis on discipline and perseverance
Test Bias
Refers to systematic error in the estimation of a true value in a group of individuals
Something in the test that makes a group perform lower
Must minimize Type I and Type II bias
Type I - say there is a significant finding, but there isn’t
Type II - say there is no significant finding, but there is
Kamphaus (2000) found that for parent and teacher ratings (U.S., African Americans, Hispanics, Columbia) in BASC showed little difference between groups
Means BASC doesn’t have bias towards theses groups
Sex differences - were larger in these different cultures but were consistent across different cultures and different linguistic people
Types of Test Bias
Content-validity bias
Content-validity bias
Are there any items more difficult for one group than another group
How to guard against content validity bias
Match the groups in overall score and see whether each group has a different type of response, did poorly in one item
Types of Test Bias
Construct Validity bias
Construct Validity bias
Measures whether a test is shown to measure different hypothetical constructs for one group or another, or it measures the same trait with different degrees or accuracy
Are we measuring the right thing?
Example - scoring social stress on BASC
Examine construct validity through factor analysis (multivariate model because you’re not starting from theory [theoretical model]); are those factors the same?
Intelligence is a hypothetical construct
Personality Inventory for Youth (PIY)
Came before the BASC
Authors did an analysis by gender and ethnicity and found that when giving the test by gender and ethnicity they had similar factors towards everybody
Says PIY is not biased in terms of construct validity
Types of Test Bias
Predictive Validity bias
Predictive Validity bias
Means when the test predicts differently for different groups and will continue to predict an error for different groups
Reason why you’re doing an IQ test is to predict a curriculum to master
Types of Test Bias
Non-biased assessment
TONY (Test of Nonverbal Intelligence)
