Multicultural

Question 1

People of Color - Citation and definition

Answer 1

Cross (1991) Racial Identity Model for POC.

Question 2

Use of the ADDRESSING Model - cite

Answer 2

Hays (1996, 2008)

It can be used by counselors and counselor educators in the following ways: (a) to raise awareness of and challenge one’s own biases and areas of inexperience and (b) to consider the salience of multiple cultural influences on clients of minority cultures.

Question 3

Define hegemonic

Answer 3

ruling or dominant in a political or social context

EX: European intellectuals have long debated the consequences of the hegemony of American popular culture around the world.

Question 4

Social Justice Educational Foundations

Answer 4

Marbley, Steele, & McAuliffe (2011)

Six guiding notions -

1. Culture is a social construct that leads to our assumptions of what is good and true.
2. Comprehensiveness: definition of culture is broad, to include all social groups.
3. Diversity vs Disparity: We can’t consider one without the other; power and access to important things.
4. Multicultural competencies: Awareness, knowledge and skills.
5. Universality and individuality are both important: culture guides behavior, individual personality, and temperament also informs behavior.
6. Teaching process: Experience and reflection are needed for learning

Question 5

ADDRESSING citation and definition

Answer 5

Hays (1996, 2008)

• Age/Generation (Children, Adolescent, Elders)
• DDisabilities (congenital and/or acquired)
• Religion/Spirituality (Religious Minority cultures)
• Ethnic and Racial Identity (Ethnic and Racial minority cultures)
• Socioeconomic Status (Class status: education, income, rural)
• Sexual Orientation (LGBTQ+)
• Indigenous Heritage (Indigenous, Aboriginal, Native)
• National Origin (Refugees, Immigrants, International)
• Gender (Cis-, Trans-, Other)

Question 6

MSJCC Graphic

Answer 6

Ratts, Singh, Nassar-McMillan, Butler, & McCullough, (2015)

Question 7

Multicultural Counseling and Therapy Theory

Answer 7

Sue, Ivey, and Pederson (1996)

1. Emphasis on context vs the individual,
2. matching practice with culture,
3. liberation of consciousness

Question 8

MSJCC citation and brief definition

Answer 8

Ratts, Singh, Nassar-McMillan, Butler, and; McCullough, (2015)

Developmental domains reflect the various areas that cause multicultural and social justice competence:

1. counselor self-awareness,
2. client viewpoint,
3. counseling relationship
4. counseling and advocacy interventions

The outer ring is the KASA (Knowledge, Actions, Skills, Attitudes and Beliefs.

The counseling and advocacy interventions domain includes the socioecological model to provide counselors with a multilevel framework for social justice advocacy and individual counseling.

Question 9

Oppression Model - cite and define

Answer 9

Bell (1997)

• Agent group vs. target group
• Oppression is a condition in which the agent groups systematically devalue beliefs and experiences of target groups
• Provided definitions for stereotype, prejudice, discrimination (individual and institutional and structural) Internalized oppression (Harro, 2000)

Question 10

Ecological Systems Theory

Answer 10

Bronfrenbrenner (1979)

Question 11

Bloom’s Taxonomy

Answer 11