multicellular cells

Question 1

What’s mitosis???

Answer 1

Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.

Question 2

What are the stages of mitosis???

Answer 2

The stages are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, followed by cytokinesis.

Question 3

What’s prophase???

Answer 3

Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible. The nuclear membrane breaks down

Question 4

what’s metaphase???

Answer 4

Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plate.

Question 5

What’s anaphase???

Answer 5

Anaphase: Chromosomes separate, with sister chromatids moving to opposite poles

Question 6

What’s telophase???

Answer 6

Telophase: Chromosomes decondense, and the nuclear membrane reforms

Question 7

What’s Cytokinesis???

Answer 7

Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm divides, completing the process of cell division

Question 8

What’s the importance of mitosis???

Answer 8

Mitosis is crucial for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms.

Question 9

Describe the stem cells within animals???

Answer 9

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the potential to become specialized cells.

Question 10

What’s the role of stem cells within animals???

Answer 10

They play a role in tissue regeneration and medical treatments.

Question 11

Describe the stem cells within plants???

Answer 11

Through differentiation, stem cells can become specific cell types with unique functions (e.g., muscle cells, nerve cells).

Question 12

How does nervous control work???

Answer 12

The nervous system coordinates body functions through electrical signals. It consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves).

Question 13

Describe what neurons do???

Answer 13

Specialized cells that transmit electrical impulses. Neurons consist of a cell body, dendrites (receive signals), and axons (transmit signals).

Question 14

Describe what synapses do???

Answer 14

The gap between neurons where neurotransmitters are released to communicate between neurons

Question 15

How does hormonal control work???

Answer 15

Hormones are chemical messengers released by glands that regulate bodily functions

Question 16

Describe what does endocrine glands do???

Answer 16

Glands that release hormones into the bloodstream (e.g., pituitary, thyroid, adrenal).

Question 17

What’s an example of an hormonal control???

Answer 17

Examples of Hormonal Control: Insulin regulates blood glucose levels, while adrenaline triggers the “fight or flight” response.

Question 18

What is chromosomes???

Answer 18

Chromosomes are structures made of DNA. Humans have 46 chromosomes in somatic cells (23 pairs)

Question 19

What is gametes???

Answer 19

Gametes (sperm and egg) are reproductive cells with 23 chromosomes each.

Question 20

What is three factors for reproduction in flowering plants???

Answer 20

Flowering plants reproduce through pollination, fertilization, and seed formation.

Question 21

Describe what’s pollination???

Answer 21

Pollination: The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma. Can be by wind, insects, or other means.

Question 22

Describe what’s fertilization???

Answer 22

The fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote

Question 23

Describe what’s seed formation???

Answer 23

After fertilization, seeds form and develop into new plants.

Question 24

What’s reproduction in animals???

Answer 24

Animals reproduce through sexual reproduction, involving the fusion of gametes. In mammals, fertilization occurs internally, leading to pregnancy and birth.

Question 25

What's variation???

Answer 25

Variations occur due to genetic differences and environmental factors. Genetic variation is caused by mutations, recombination, and random assortment during meiosis.

Question 26

What's genetic terminology ???

Answer 26

Key terms include: Gene: A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait. Allele: Different versions of a gene. Genotype: The genetic makeup of an individual. Phenotype: The observable traits of an individual.

Question 27

What's Monohybrid Crosses???

Answer 27

A genetic cross involving one trait. Used to determine the inheritance pattern.

Question 28

Phenotypic Ratios???

Answer 28

Ratios that indicate the relative occurrence of different phenotypes in offspring (e.g., 3:1 in a monohybrid cross with dominant and recessive alleles).

Question 29

What are some examples of plant organs???

Answer 29

Plants have roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, each with specific functions.

Question 30

How does water travel in plants???

Answer 30

Water and minerals are transported from roots to leaves through xylem vessels. This is driven by transpiration.

Question 31

Describe how water transpiration works???

Answer 31

The loss of water vapor from plant leaves through stomata. Transpiration creates a negative pressure that pulls water upward through the xylem.

Question 32

How does sugar travel in plants???

Answer 32

Sugars produced in the leaves through photosynthesis are transported throughout the plant via phloem

Question 33

What does blood cells do within the body???[hint: both white and red cells]

Answer 33

Blood contains red blood cells (carry oxygen), white blood cells (immune defense), and platelets (blood clotting)

Question 34

What's the immune system???

Answer 34

The body's defense system against pathogens. White blood cells play a key role in identifying and attacking foreign invaders

Question 35

What's the pathway of blood in the body???

Answer 35

Blood circulates through the body in a specific pathway: heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, heart.

Question 36

What's the structure and function the heart???

Answer 36

The heart has four chambers (two atria and two ventricles) and pumps blood through the circulatory system.

Question 37

What's the role of blood vessels???

Answer 37

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, capillaries allow for gas and nutrient exchange, and veins return blood to the heart

Question 38

What's the need for transport???

Answer 38

Organisms need transport systems to deliver nutrients, oxygen, and other substances to cells, and to remove waste products

Question 39

What's the role of Capillary Networks???

Answer 39

Capillaries are small blood vessels that allow for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues

Question 40

How does gas exchange work within a body???

Answer 40

Oxygen is absorbed from the air into the bloodstream through alveoli, and carbon dioxide is released from the blood into the lungs

Question 41

What's the role of absorption within the small intestine???

Answer 41

The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream. Villi and microvilli increase the surface area for absorption.