Cell biology

Question 1

What does an animal cell contain???

Answer 1

Contains a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, and ribosomes

Question 2

What does a plant cell contain???

Answer 2

Contains a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, and ribosomes, chloroplast, vacuole, cell wall

Question 3

What does a fungal cell contain???

Answer 3

Contains a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, and ribosomes, vacuole, cell wall

Question 4

What does a bacterial cell contain???

Answer 4

Contains a single circular chromosome, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, plasmids

Question 5

What does the nucleus contain???

Answer 5

The nucleus contains DNA

Question 6

What is the role of cytoplasm???

Answer 6

Cytoplasm is the site of chemical reactions

Question 7

What is the role of cell membrane???

Answer 7

The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 8

What is the role of ribosomes???

Answer 8

Ribosomes are involved in synthesis

Question 9

What is the role of a cell wall???

Answer 9

Provides structure and support for the cell

Question 10

What is the role of chloroplasts???

Answer 10

Is the site of photosynthesis

Question 11

What is the role of a vacuole???

Answer 11

is for storing water and other substances

Question 12

What is the cell wall made out of in a FUNGAL CELL[emphasized since ill misread it]???

Answer 12

chitin

Question 13

What do some bacterial cells use for movement???

Answer 13

Some bacteria have flagella for movement

Question 14

What type of cell is a bacterial cell???

Answer 14

Prokaryotic cells with no nucleus

Question 15

Define diffusion???

Answer 15

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 16

Where does diffusion occur???

Answer 16

It occurs in gases and liquids

Question 17

Is diffusion an active transport or a passive transport???

Answer 17

is a passive process (no energy required).

Question 18

Define osmosis???

Answer 18

The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane, from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration

Question 19

Is osmosis an active transport or a passive transport???

Answer 19

is a passive process (no energy required)

Question 20

Define Active transport???

Answer 20

Movement of particles against a concentration gradient (from low to high concentration) using energy from ATP

Question 21

does active transport absorb substances???

Answer 21

Active transport allows cells to absorb substances even when they are at lower concentrations outside the cell

Question 22

What is DNA[hint: the shape + bases + the three main factors of it]???

Answer 22

DNA is a double stranded helix made of nucleotides, each consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine)

Question 23

What is the role of DNA???

Answer 23

DNA carries genetic information

Question 24

What is the role of a gene???

Answer 24

Genes contain instructions for making proteins

Question 25

Describe the process of transcription and translation[hint: where it occurs and what it does]???

Answer 25

Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where a segment of DNA is copied into mRNA (messenger RNA). Translation occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosome, where mRNA is used to assemble proteins.

Question 26

What are proteins made of???

Answer 26

Proteins are made of amino acids

Question 27

What are some jobs proteins do???

Answer 27

have various functions, including structural support, enzyme activity, transport, and signaling.

Question 28

define genetic engineering???

Answer 28

Genetic engineering involves modifying an organism’s genome by introducing new DNA sequences. It allows scientists to create organisms with specific traits.

Question 29

What are some applications of genetic engineering???

Answer 29

Genetic engineering is used in medicine (e.g., producing insulin), agriculture (e.g., creating pest-resistant crops), and industry (e.g., producing biofuels).

Question 30

What are the steps of genetic engineering???

Answer 30

identify section of DNA that contains required gene from source chromosome;

extract required gene;

extract plasmid from bacterial cell;

insert required gene into bacterial plasmid;

insert plasmid into host bacterial cell to produce a genetically modified (GM) organism;

genetically modified bacterial cell divides and produces the required product.

Question 31

Does aerobic respiration require oxygen to be present???

Answer 31

Occurs in the presence of oxygen

Question 32

What does aerobic respiration involve???

Answer 32

It involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain

Question 33

What is the overall equation of aerobic respiration???

Answer 33

Glucose+Oxygen→Carbon Dioxide+Water+Energy (ATP)

Question 34

Does anaerobic respiration need oxygen???

Answer 34

Occurs without oxygen

Question 35

What is the product of anaerobic respiration[for both animal and plant cells]

Answer 35

In muscle cells, it leads to the production of lactic acid. In yeast, it produces ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 36

Does anaerobic respiration generate more or less ATP compared to aerobic???

Answer 36

It generates less ATP compared to aerobic respiration.