Multi store Model (MSM) Flashcards
what is long term memory?
permanent memory store
what is short term memory?
a limited capacity memory store
who proposed the multi-store model?
Atkinson and Shriffin (1968-1971)
was the multi memory model the first model of memory?
yes
what does the multi memory model propose?
prosed memory is made of 3 stores: sensory register , short term memory, long term memory
how are the stores of the model linked?
linked by processes which enable to flow from each store
diagram of MSM
(see mindmap for better version)
Stimulus from environment (5 senses) —> Sensory register —> attention —> Short term memory —> rehearsal —> Long term memory <— retrieval (then back to STM)
- each store has possibility of forgetting
- rehearsal loop over STM
explain Attention, Reheasal, Retrieval, forgetting
attention= attention to SR must be paid to move it to STM
rehearsal= info only transferred from STM to LTM if it’s rehearsed (repeated)
retrieval= to r ed all info passed into LTM it must be accessed and transferred into STM
forgetting = will occur in all stores if you do nothing with the info
what are the types of rehearsal?
- maintenance= surface level repetition info e.g. repeating a phone number
- elaborative= deeper processing e.g. learning lines for a play
what’s another name for the sensory register?
sensory memory
Sensory register what is it?
where all sensory info from environment and assed to is held (5 senses our body detects)
sensory register coding, capacity and duration
coding- depends on the sense involved e.g. ichoic (visual), echoic (sound), haptic etc
capacity= very high
duration = less than a second
STM coding, capacity, duration
coding= acoustic (based on sound)
capacity= 7 +/- 2 items of info
duration= around 18 secs (unless info rehearsed)
LTM coding, capacity, duration
coding= semantic (based on meaning)
capacity= unlimited
duration= unlimited- permanent store for info rehearsed for time
what’s coding, capacity, duration?
coding= format which info is stored
capacity= amount of info that can be held in the store
duration= length of time info can be held in the memory
eval point 1
research support
- supports than LTM and STM are seperate
—> Baddley tested the recall of 4 ppts with different lists of words
—> Baddley found that similar sounding (acoustic) words get mixed up when usING STM but similar meaning words (semantic) words get mixed up when using LTM—> shows they are separate and independent stores
issues with the Baddley research (eval point 1)
-lacks mundane realism
- artificial stimuli
- everyday life we form memories related to lots of things (faces, places etc), not me of which the MSM studies include as instead they use words etc
—> means MSM model not valid for how memory works in everyday life where we remember more meaningful info
eval point 2
research support from Peterson and Peterson= support duration of STM and importance of rehearsal
eval point 3
case study of HM who suffered from epilepsy and had brain surgery to correct this (hippocampus removed) —> post surgery he could remember info and details before surgery (LTM) but couldn’t form new (STM couldn’t be transferred to LTM) —> shows they’re seperate
eval point 4
MSM may be too simplistic as it uses unitary stores
—> STM and LTM are made up of more than one store
—> Shelli’s and Worrington studied KF who had amnesia and his STM for digits was very poor whne they were read out loud but better whne he read them to himself —> also studies later showed that there could be another STM store for non verbal sounds (noises) —> evidence to show MSM = wrong in saying there’s only 1 STM store processing different types of info (visual, auditory etc)
eval point 5
limitation is prolonged rehearsal not needed for transfer to LTM —> MSM suggests the more you rehearse something the more likely it is to transfer to LTM (prolonged rehearsal) —> BUT Craik and Watkins found that the type of rehearsal is more important than the amount
—> elaborative rehearsal needed for long term storage—> occurs when you link info to your existing knowledge = words/info transferred to LTM without prolonged rehearsal —> e.g. ‘flashbulb memories’ —> something you don’t rehearse but remember cause it’s shocking etc
eval point 6
research evidence LTM= not a single store —> have one LTM store for memories or facts about the world and different for how to ride a bicycle etc—> LTM can be separated into episodic, procedural etc
