Multi-store model

Question 1

Who proposed the MSM of memory?

Answer 1

Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)

Question 2

What are components of the MSM?

Answer 2

• The sensory store
• Short term memory
• Long term memory

Question 3

How does information get transferred from the sensory store to the STM?

Answer 3

Attention must be payed to the information.

Question 4

How does the sensory store code?

Answer 4

It is modality specific.

Question 5

What is the capacity of the sensory store?

Answer 5

Large capacity

Question 6

What is the duration of the sensory store?

Answer 6

1-2 seconds max

Question 7

What is the function of the sensory store?

Answer 7

To retain for information long enough to decide whether it requires further processing.

Question 8

What is the function of the STM?

Answer 8

Temporarily stores information received from the sensory memory.

Question 9

How does the STM code?

Answer 9

• Visually
• Acoustically (the main form)
• Semantically

Question 10

What is the capacity of the STM?

Answer 10

7 +/- 2 (5-9)
This can be increased by chunking

Question 11

What is the duration of the STM?

Answer 11

Max 30 seconds.

Question 12

Who conducted research into the coding of the STM?

Answer 12

Baddeley (1966)

Question 13

What was the method to Baddeley’s experiment about coding of STM?

Answer 13

• Baddeley presented participants with 1of 4 word lists
• Participants had to recall the words in the correct order
  They either had to recall the words immediately or after 20 minutes.

Question 14

What were the results of Baddeley’s study into the coding of the STM?

Answer 14

• Those who had to recall immediately (STM recall), did worse with the acoustically similar words.
• Those who had to recall after 20 minutes (LTM recall), did worse with semantically similar words

Question 15

What were the 4 word lists that Baddeley used to study coding of STM?

Answer 15

• Acoustically similar words
• Acoustically dissimilar words
• Semantically similar words
• Semantically dissimilar words

Question 16

What did Baddeley propose after is study into coding of the STM?

Answer 16

• STM codes acoustically (due to acoustic confusion)
• LTM codes semantically (due to semantic confusion)

Question 17

Who investigated the capacity of the STM?

Answer 17

Jacobs (1887)

Question 18

How did Jacobs test the capacity of the STM?

Answer 18

With a serial digit span method.
He gave participants increasingly long lists of numbers or letters and have them recall them.
When they fail on 50% of tasks, they are judged to have reached their capacity.

Question 19

What were the results of Jacobs’ study?

Answer 19

He found the capacity for numbers was nine and seven for letters. This illustrates how the capacity of STM is limited.

Question 20

What is a limitation of Baddeley’s study into coding of STM?